to a maximum of 23 rounds for a lady of 20 years. This corresponds to a 6.5-fold increase in cell divisions and a proportionately increased possibility for new point mutations. Despite this, 20-year-old males produce around twice as many new point mutations to their progeny than women do. How do you account for this discrepancy?
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to a maximum of 23 rounds for a lady of 20 years. This corresponds to a 6.5-fold increase in cell divisions and a proportionately increased possibility for new point mutations. Despite this, 20-year-old males produce around twice as many new point mutations to their progeny than women do. How do you account for this discrepancy?
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- Equalizing the Expression of X Chromosome Genes in Males and Females Individuals with an XXY genotype are sterile males. If one X is inactivated early in embryogenesis, the genotype of the individual effectively becomes XY. Why will this individual not develop as a normal male?The following chromosomal aberration is found in nearly 90-95% of all patients who have chronic myelogenous leukemia. This is because the change brings the BCR and ABL genes in close proximity. BCR is responsible for cell growth, and ABL is a proto-oncogene... this favors uncontrolled growth. Which is the most accurate description of the aberration... chio moso me 9 Philad elphia chromosome chromosome 22 BCR ABL 22q11.2 (BCR) 9934 1 (ABL) Deletion Translocation Inversion Duplication DELL O O O CSuppose a man carries a very uncommon dominant mutation for a deadly muscular disease that doesn't show up until people are usually over 50 years of age (he has the disease). He and his wife are expecting their first child--a girl. What is the probability she will also have the disease if... (1) it is autosomal(2) it is X-linked(3) it is Y-linked Explain each answer in detail. Assume the penetrance of the trait is 100%.
- Explain why, in humans, chromosomal mutation rates in females are much higher than in males.Considering the following chromosome which is represented as a series of genes on each arm separated by the centromere. Describe the type of mutation required to produce each of the mutant chromosomes below. ABCDEFG*HIJKLMNYou have two patients. Both patients have very low levels of P53 protein. Patient #1 also has very low levels of MDM2 protein; patient #2 has very high levels of MDM2. For each patient briefly describe (briefly justify your answers); Which of the two genes are mutated?P53 or MDM2? Is this an oncogenic or tumor suppressor mutation? Would treatment of the patient with Nutlins be appropriate?
- Gene Interaction and Epistasis Hair color is due to the presence of melanin. There are two types of melanin produced by melanocytes. One is eumelanin, which is responsible for black (homozygous), brown (heterozygous), and blond (recessive) hair colors. The other is pheomelanin, which is responsible for red hair color. During melanin synthesis, MCR1gene converts pheomelanin to eumelanin. However, a variant of the MCR1 gene (MCR1variant), prevents this conversion. A cross between a blond-haired mother and a red-haired father produced 100% brown-haired children. When they came of age, one child married a double heterozygote, and both were blessed with 7 children; 2 with black hair, 2 with brown hair, 1 with blond hair, and 2 with red hair. Using the 7-step method, determine the genotypes of the P1, the F1, and the F2s. BOX your answers (if handwritten) or HIGHLIGHT your answers (if encoded). STEP 1: ________________________________________________________ STEP 2:…When a particular mutagen identified by the Ames testis injected into mice, it causes the appearance of manytumors, showing that this substance is carcinogenic.When cells from these tumors are injected into othermice not exposed to the mutagen, almost all of the newmice develop tumors. However, when mice carryingmutagen-induced tumors are mated to unexposed mice,virtually all of the progeny are tumor free. Why can thetumor be transferred horizontally (by injecting cells)but not vertically (from one generation to the next)?Research cancer mutation. Provide the link to the research article that gives you your information. One good resource to use is PubMed. Then answer the following questions, in 3 paragraphs, 3-5 sentences each. 1. What kind of disease/cancer does this mutation cause? 2.What happens during transcription to cause this mutation? 3. Is this trait passed on to progeny? Can the progeny be a carrier or simply affected?
- Gamete Production: in the following examples please list the possible gametes produced 1) In humans, sickle cell anemia is a disease caused by a mutation of a single gene that codes for an important protein. The allele for the normal protein is dominant (S) to the one that causes sickle cell anemia. a. What gametes would be produced by an individual who suffers from sickle cell anemia produce? b. What gamester would be produce by an individual that is a carrier of the sickle cell trait?In humans, dosage compensation is accomplished by: inactivating one X chromosome in female somatic cells inactivating one homolog from each homologous pair of chromosomes in female somatic cells inactivating the Y chromosome in male somatic cells increasing gene expression from the X chromosome in male somatic cellAnswer the following genetic problems.
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