To treat the motion of an object due to some potential energy U(x) as simple harmonic motion, which the following must be true? (circle all that apply) a) near any equilibrium b) near a stable equilibrium c) U(x) is proportional to x2 d) U(x) is proportional to – x e) U(x) must be a spring or gravity
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion in which an object undergoes oscillatory motion. The restoring force exerted by the object exhibiting SHM is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. The force is directed towards the mean position. We see many examples of SHM around us, common ones are the motion of a pendulum, spring and vibration of strings in musical instruments, and so on.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum comprises a heavy mass (called bob) attached to one end of the weightless and flexible string.
Oscillation
In Physics, oscillation means a repetitive motion that happens in a variation with respect to time. There is usually a central value, where the object would be at rest. Additionally, there are two or more positions between which the repetitive motion takes place. In mathematics, oscillations can also be described as vibrations. The most common examples of oscillation that is seen in daily lives include the alternating current (AC) or the motion of a moving pendulum.
For simple harmonic motion if motion of object is treated due to potential energy is that case when object is attached to spring so Hooke's law applied which is as follows :
where k is spring constant
x is distance for equilibrium
Potential energy of spring is given by
Thus,
U(x) is proportional to x2
U is proportional to x(displacement) which is for equilibrium
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