Type Il diabetes is best described asthe long term effects of immune attack of the pancreatic beta cellsan insulin-centered illness observed only in adultsthe long term effects of lowered insulin responsiveness of tissuesthe prevalent adult version of diabetes, which in children is called Type 1

Type II Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin as per the…

Answered: Type Il diabetes is best described as…

Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305441620

Author:WOODROW

Publisher:WOODROW

Chapter23: Endocrine System Drugs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15CRQ

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Many hormone systems regulate body functions through opposing hormone actions. Describe how opposing hormone actions regulate blood-glucose levels?
During the absorptive state, glucose levels are ________, insulin levels are ________, and glucagon levels ________. a. high; low; stay the same b. low; low; stay the same c. high; high; are high d. high; high; are low
Because the prime early symptom of diabetes is a high levelof blood glucose, insulin is often associated primarily withcarbohydrate metabolism. List several other processes thatare insulin-dependent.
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…
cortisol is responsible for adjusting homeostasis under conditions of chronic stress shuch as starvation wheich of the following is/are upregulated under the in fluence of cortisol duringthe chronic stress of starvation. A. the conversion of adipose and animo acids into glucose B.the converion of glycogen into glucose C. the addition of body fat D. the production of new tissues such as bone and connective tissue
Ketoacidosis is a common feature of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but not insulinindependent diabetes mellitus. Explain.
Insulin is obligatory in the following states, except:A. Light course of type 2 diabetes mellitusB. Pregnancy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Lactation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusD. Ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusE. Surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Discusskey impairments that are characteristic in the altered glucose metabolism of people with Type 2 Diabetes. (note: you should describe effects in different key organs/tissues involved in glucose metabolism within your answer) As a result of these impairments, describethe expected differences in post-prandial metabolism of a given load of digestible carbohydrates in people with Type 2 Diabetes compared with healthy, non-diabetic individuals.
Discuss the following statement: “We wouldhave no idea today of the importance of insulin as a reg-ulatory hormone if its absence were not associated withthe human disease diabetes. It is the dramatic conse-quences of its absence that focused early efforts on theidentification of insulin and the study of its normal role inphysiology.”
Describe one insulin-mediated mechanism that normally increases glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue when blood glucose levels are high (but would not be operational in T1DM patients)
All of the following medications are types of insulin, except:A. Aspart (Novolog)B. Glargine (Lantus)C. Lispro (Humalog)D. Glulisin (Apidra)E. Exenatide (Byetta)

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