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- A sample containing 2.05 moles of an ideal gas with CV = 20.1 J K-1 is initially at 3.84 bar and 300. K. It is compressed at constant volume until its pressure reaches 5.62 bar. Calculate the final temperature, work done, heat transferred, ΔU, ΔH and ΔS for the process.One mole of a monatomic ideal gas begins in a state withP 5 1.00 atm and T 5 300 K. It is expanded reversiblyand adiabatically until the volume has doubled; then it isexpanded irreversibly and isothermally into a vacuumuntil the volume has doubled again; and then it is heatedreversibly at constant volume to 400 K. Finally, it is compressed reversibly and isothermally until a inal state withP 5 1.00 atm and T 5 400 K is reached. Calculate DSsysfor this process. (Hint: There are two ways to solve thisproblem—an easy way and a hard way.)1 kg of Air was heated at constant temperature from 0.03 m3 and 101 kPa to 0.01 m3. By how much did the internal energy change? Assume (cv = 0.7177 kJ/kg.K)
- Assume a engine is operating via the Carnot cycle; The engine operates between 1000 K and 300 K. a) What is its (maximum) efficiency? b) How could it’s efficiency be changed to 80%? c) If an automobile engine can be approximated as a Carnot engine, absorbing heat at the combustion temp of 800K and emitting heat at its operating temp of 470K, calculate its (maximum) base efficiency. Will it operate more efficiently in the summer or winter?This pV diagram shows two different thermodynamic processes undergoneby 0.40 mol of a monatomic gas (where y equals 1.67). Process A is adiabatic, and process B is shown by a straight line (the process is unknown). What is the TF for both processes? For each one of the processes, what are the changes in thermal energy, the heat transferred, and the work done on the gas?2.00-mol NH3 (g) was initially at 298 K, and is now under reversible adiabatic expansion from 1.00 dm3 to 4.00 dm3. Assume ideal gas behavior and the molar heat capacity of NH3 (g) at constant volume CV,m = 3R where R is the gas constant. (a)Calculate the final temperature (in K) (b)Determine the amount of work done including the correct sign for this process (in Joule or kJ).
- The sun supplies about 1 kilowatt(s) of energy for each square meter of surface area (1 kW/m2kW/m2, where a watt = 1 J/sJ/s). Plants produce the equivalent of about 0.19 gg of sucrose (C12H22O11C12H22O11) per hour per square meter.A piston/cylinder setup contains 1 kg of air at 20°C with an initial volume of V1=0.1 m3, as shown in Fig. Q7. Initially, the piston rests on some stops, but it is possible for it to move within the cylinder without friction. To lift the piston and start such motion, an air pressure of 1400 kPa is required. Now, heat is transferred to the system so that the temperature of the air reaches to a final value of 300°C. Fig. Q7 A. Which statement is true? The air can lift the piston before the temperature reaches to 300°C The air cannot lift the piston before the temperature reaches to 300°CSolve the following and provide the complete solution: One mole of an ideal gas at 0 °C and 1 atm pressure is mixed adiabaticallywith one mole of a different gas at 100 °C and 1 atm pressure to yield amixture whose pressure is also 1 atm. If CP for each gas is 2.5R cal mole–1degree–1, what is S for the process?
- A closed cylinder contains 1.0 mole of ideal monatomic gas at 300 oC and 4.0 bar.Insulating the cylinder so that there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, the gas isexpanded to 200 oC and 1.0 bar producing 1247 J of work.a) Is this process reversible or irreversible?b) What is the change in enthalpy (∆H) of the gas?c) What is the change in internal energy (∆U) of thegas?A rigid insulated tank is divided into 2 equal compartments by athin rigid partition. One of the compartments contains air, assumedto be an ideal gas at 800 kPa and 250◦C. The other compartment isunder a vacuum. The partition is suddenly broken and the air rushesinto the evacuated compartment. The tank pressure and temperatureeventually equilibrate. (a) what is the final temperature of the gas ◦C?(b) what is the final pressure, kPa?(c) how much work is done by the system, kJ/kg?(d) how much heat is transferred to the system kJ/kgA piston/cylinder arrangement contains one mole of an ideal gas (the system) initially at 10.0 atm pressure and 300 K, as shown in the accompanying illustration. Neglecting the mass of the piston, neglecting friction, and assuming isothermal conditions throughout, the pin restraining the piston is removed. For the resulting process: (g = 9.807 m sR7) (a) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is zero? (b) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 100 kg? (c) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 1017.4 kg?