Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in nucleosomes leads to removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin activation of topoisomerase tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcription

Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in nucleosomes leads to removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin activation of topoisomerase tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcription

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP: Transcriptional regulators are proteins that bind to promoters (the 5-flanking regions of genes) to...

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An old genetic observation is that a normally active gene will be silenced if it is moved by transposition or crossing over from an uncondensed (euchromatic) region to a heavily condensed (heterochromatic) region of a chromosome. Assume the euchromatic chromatin containing the active gene is surrounded by heterochromatic chromatin immediately after insertion. Please explain in terms of the control of histone modification why the normally active gene is silenced when it becomes surrounded by condensed regions. (Do not explain how histone modification causes chromatin condensation.)
If histones are acetylated on a lysine amino acid (an epigenomic mark), are genes in this region likely to be expressed or not? Briefly, in a sentence or two, explain your answer. (Hint: In your answer explain what the DNA and chromatin structure would look like in regions with the acetylation compared to regions without).
Chromatin remodeling by the SWI /SNF complex requires hydrolysis of ATP. What purpose does this serve?
What are histone proteins, and how are their DNA binding properties regulated. Indicate if there are any modification(s) that comes on and off that regulates how tightly or loosely the Histone proteins are bound to DNA.
Why is transcriptionally active chromatin ∼10 times more susceptible to cleavage by DNase I than transcriptionally silent chromatin?
In eukaryotic transcription, what is the function of a histone chaperone? Of a chromatin remodeling complex? Of Mediator?
Why must chromatin be remodeled at a eukaryotic promoter? Histone proteins must be added to the promoter so they can recruit RNA polymerase II Histone proteins are blocking promoter sequences recognized by general transcription factors (GTFs) Space needs to be made for the ribosome to bind to a nascent (i.e. newly transcribed) mRNA Because enhancer regions need to be exposed for general transcription factor binding To allow the spliceosome to remove exons from the mRNA during transcription
Lactose intolerant individuals do not produce the enzyme lactase. Studies show that the gene that encodes lactase is not transcribed. This gene is most likely associated with nucleosomes that are ______________ which can be caused by histone Uncondensed; acetylation Uncondensed; deacetylation Condensed; acetylation Condensed; deacetylation Uncondensed; methylation
Transcription factors function in the nucleus. However, like (almost) all eukaryotic proteins,they are translated in the cytosol. Can you draw a visual to explain how transcription factor proteinsenter the nucleus from the cytoplasm? Can you also include a representation of relevant proteins and proteindomains to explain how these proteins reach their destination. Thank you
Transcriptionally active chromatin are generally found near the outer regions of the nucleus near the membrane. true or false?
In eukaryotes which of the following combination of chromatin conditions would be most likely to result in the highest levels of expression of gene?
Which of the following is likely to be transcriptionally expressed? euchromatin and DNA with methyl groups euchromatin DNA with methyl groups DNA with acetylated histones euchromatin and DNA with acetylated histones