-Understand the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of polystyrene (how does radical formationstart, and how does the polymer chain become elongated?) as well as the mechanism for nylonformation (how does the reaction between the diacid chloride and the diamine produce a polymerchain?).

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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question H.
What is the alkene starting material for the polymerization reaction using ROOR resulting to the product shown in the picture below?
QUESTION1: (this is the full question however can you answer part c,e and f) Methyl methacrylate is polymerized by free radical polymerization at 70 oC to form long polymer chains.(a) Draw the chemical structure of methyl methacrylate, define its molecular formula and molecular weight (in g/mol). (b) If benzoyl peroxide is used as the initiator for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate please write the chemical structures of the compounds formed during the initiation step ofthe polymerization. What would happen if the reaction is not heated at 70 oC? (c) Write the chemical structures of the polymers formed during the propagation and termination steps of the polymerization. (d) Write the trade name of the polymer formed by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and two of its common applications. (e) If a polymer with degree of polymerization 100 is synthesized during the reaction, determine its molecular weight (in g/mol). (f) If from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate a…
Monomers/initators used in free radical polymerization i) What monomer can be used with benzoyl peroxide and under what conditions? ii) What monomer can be used with di-tert-butyl peroxide and under what conditions? iii) What monomer can be used with hydrogen peroxide and under what condition?
Terephthaloyl dichloride and p-phenylenediamine were polymerized to form a copolymer called Kevlar with M, of 250,000 g/mol. Calculate: A) the extent of reaction, P
In liquid phase oxidation reactions, some cobalt or manganese salts are used as free .radical stabilizers O true Error Which of the following compounds, when :oxidized, gives phenol and acetone coloring Isopropyl benzene O propyl benzene benzoic acid *
One common type of cation exchange resin is prepared by polymerization of a mixture containing styrene and 1,4-divinylbenzene . The polymer is then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to sulfonate a majority of the aromatic rings in the polymer. Q.) Show the product of sulfonation of each benzene ring.
We saw how intramolecular chain transfer in radical polymerization of ethylene creates a four-carbon branch on a polyethylene chain. What branch is created by a comparable intramolecular chain transfer during radical polymerization of styrene?
Consider each of the following monomers and predict if it would likely undergo radical, anionic, or cationic addition polymerisation. Then, in the space provided below, draw the electron pushing mechanism for the initiation and the first propagation steps of the monomer that you chose for each (the catalyst is provided for you). Then draw what the growing polymer chain looks like and briefly indicate why you chose that monomer to undergo the selected type of polymerisation (hint: consider concepts such as electron donating group, electron withdrawing group, resonance, and hyperconjugation!)
As discussed in Chapters 25 and 26, a polymer is a very large molecule that contains many repeating units called monomers. The reaction here shows, for example, how styrene reacts to form polystyrene. The reaction is initiated by the electrophilic addition of H+ from an acid like sulfuric acid, which generates an initial carbocation. Afterward, that carbocation behaves as an electrophile in the presence of another molecule of styrene, resulting in yet another carbocation. This reaction can repeat many thousands of times to build up the polymer. With this in mind, draw the detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation of the polymerization reaction and the addition of the first two monomers, as shown at the right. H,SO4 C6H5 CGH5 CgH5 Styrene Polystyrene H,SO4 CgH5 CGH5 C6H5
) PLA, a polyester-based synthetic polymer, decomposes in our body fluid and separates into its constituent acids and alcohol. This acid in the body can cause inflammation. What would you recommend to overcome this disadvantage? b) The late decomposition of PLA, which is a biodegradable and hydrophobic polymer, in body fluid may create a disadvantage in applications where faster degradation is desired. What would you suggest to do to resolve this situation? Please explain.
Olefin polymerization is responsible for producing over 100 million tons per year of plastic material. (a) Briefly describe the type of catalysts used in the transition metal catalysed homogeneous polymerization reactions. (b) How are the catalysts activated? (c) Draw the active catalyst, and indicate how the polymer chain is propagated. (d) Suggest a possible chain termination step. (e) Certain single-site catalysts are capable of selectively forming different types of polypropylene. Describe these different types of polymer, and the characteristics of the catalysts that form them.

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-Understand the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of polystyrene (how does radical formation start, and how does the polymer chain become elongated?) as well as the mechanism for nylon formation (how does the reaction between the diacid chloride and the diamine produce a polymer chain?).