Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is H3C CH3 The number of unshared pairs at atom c is The number of unshared pairs at atom a is b The number of unshared pairs at atom b is CH3-CH2-0-H The number of unshared pairs at atom c is Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remaining

Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is H3C CH3 The number of unshared pairs at atom c is The number of unshared pairs at atom a is b The number of unshared pairs at atom b is CH3-CH2-0-H The number of unshared pairs at atom c is Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remaining

Pushing Electrons

4th Edition

ISBN:9781133951889

Author:Weeks, Daniel P.

Publisher:Weeks, Daniel P.

Chapter1: Lewis Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 33EQ: The Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the carbonyl carbon, i.e., the carbon atom attached to...

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A complete Lewis structure must show all nonzero formal charges. Complete each of thefollowing Lewis structures by adding any missing formal charges.
Chloromethane has the Lewis structure _______________________________ The carbon atom is sharing 4 electron pairs. In each shared pair the carbon atom “owns” 1 electron. The number of electrons that “belong” to carbon is ___. Carbon, being a Group ___ element would have 4 , outer shell electrons in the unbonded, neutral state. Therefore, the carbon atom in chloromethane has a formal charge of zero.
the formal charges on all the atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. Which one would best represent bonding in the molecule Cl2O ?
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener marketed under the name Nutra-Sweet. A partial Lewis structure for aspartame is shown below. Aspartame can be classified as an organic compound (a compound based on carbon atoms). The majority of Lewis structures for simple organic compounds have all atoms with a formal charge of zero. Therefore, add lone pairs and multiple bonds to the structure above to give each atom a formal charge of zero when drawing the Lewis structure. Also note that the six-sided ring is shorthand notation for a benzene ring (C6H5). Benzene is discussed in Section 4-7. Complete the Lewis structure for aspartame. How many C and N atoms exhibit sp1 hybridization? How many C and O atoms exhibit sp3 hybridization? How many and bonds are in aspartame?
The Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the carbonyl carbon, i.e., the carbon atom attached to oxygen, and its octet gives Circling the oxygen atom and its octet gives Thus, atoms share electrons in making bonds, and a pair of electrons may be included in the octet of two different atoms. When computing the formal charge on an atom, the number of electrons that belong to that atom is compared with the number of electrons the atom would have in the unbonded and neutral state. If the two numbers are the same, the formal charge on the atom is zero. In a Lewis structure both electrons in an unshared pair belong to the atom, and one of every pair of shared (bonding) electrons belongs to the atom.
The study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties is called organic chemistry. Besides carbon atoms, organic compounds also can contain hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms (as well as other types of atoms). A common trait of simple organic compounds is to have Lewis structures where all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Consider the following incomplete Lewis structure for an organic compound called histidine (an amino acid), which is one of the building blocks of proteins found in our bodies: Draw a complete Lewis structure for histidine in which all atoms have a formal charge of zero.
Two Lewis structures can be written for nitrosyl fluoride, which contains one nitrogen, one oxygen, and one fluorine atom per molecule. Write the two Lewis structures land assign a formal charge to each atom.
In the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the chlorine atom is sharing _____ electron pair and “owns” _____ of those electrons. Also, the chlorine atom possesses two electrons from each of _____ unshared pairs. The total number of electrons that belong to chlorine is 7 . Chlorine is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on chlorine in chloromethane is ____.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an example of an overall neutral molecule (netcharge=0) that hasnon-zero formal charges. Draw a Lewis structure of carbon monoxide (CO).
What is the maximum number of atoms to which a central atom in a molecule can bond and still conform to the octet rule? What is the minimum number?
Draw resonance structures for each of these ions: NSO− and SNO−. (The atoms are bonded in the order given in each case, that is, S is the central atom in NSO−.) Use formal charges to determine which ion is likely to be more stable. Explain why the two ions cannot be considered resonance structures of each other.
Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency in the human body can cause apathy, irritability, and an increased susceptibility to infections. Below is an incomplete Lewis structure for vitamin B6. Complete the Lewis structure and answer the following questions. Hint: Vitamin B6 can be classified as an organic compound (a compound based on carbon atoms). The majority of Lewis structures for simple organic compounds have all atoms with a formal charge of zero. Therefore, add lone pairs and multiple bonds to the structure below to give each atom a formal charge of zero. a. How many bonds and bonds exist in vitamin B6? b. Give approximate values for the bond angles marked a through g in the structure. c. How many carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized? d. How many carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms are sp3 hybridized? e. Does vitamin B6 exhibit delocalized bonding? Explain.