Variable and Absorption Costing Summarized data for 2016 (the first year of operations) for Gorman Products, Inc., are as follows: Sales (75,000 units). Production costs (80,000 units): Direct material... Direct labor. $3,000,000 ... 880,000 720,000 Manufacturing overhead: Variable. Fixed.. Operating expenses: Variable.. Fixed.... 544,000 320,000 168,000 240,000 60,000 18,000 28,800 30,000 Depreciation on equipment Real estate taxes Personal property taxes (on inventory and equipment) Personnel department expenses Required Prepare an income statement based on full absorption costing. b. Prepare an income statement based on variable costing. Assume that you must decide quickly whether to accept a special one-time order for 1,000 units for $30 per unit. Which income statement presents the most relevant data? Determine the appar- ent profit or loss on the special order based solely on these data. d. a, с. If the ending inventory is destroyed by fire, which costing approach would you use as a basis for filing an insurance claim for the fire loss? Why?

Variable and Absorption Costing Summarized data for 2016 (the first year of operations) for Gorman Products, Inc., are as follows: Sales (75,000 units). Production costs (80,000 units): Direct material... Direct labor. $3,000,000 ... 880,000 720,000 Manufacturing overhead: Variable. Fixed.. Operating expenses: Variable.. Fixed.... 544,000 320,000 168,000 240,000 60,000 18,000 28,800 30,000 Depreciation on equipment Real estate taxes Personal property taxes (on inventory and equipment) Personnel department expenses Required Prepare an income statement based on full absorption costing. b. Prepare an income statement based on variable costing. Assume that you must decide quickly whether to accept a special one-time order for 1,000 units for $30 per unit. Which income statement presents the most relevant data? Determine the appar- ent profit or loss on the special order based solely on these data. d. a, с. If the ending inventory is destroyed by fire, which costing approach would you use as a basis for filing an insurance claim for the fire loss? Why?

Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Series)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305970663

Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen

Publisher:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen

Chapter18: Pricing And Profitability Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 29P: Jellison Company had the following operating data for its first two years of operations: Jellison...

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Cost Classification Loring Company incurred the following costs last year: Required: 1. Classify each of the costs using the following table format. Be sure to total the amounts in each column. Example: Direct materials, 216,000. 2. What was the total product cost for last year? 3. What was the total period cost for last year? 4. If 30,000 units were produced last year, what was the unit product cost?
Variable-Costing and Absorption-Costing Income Borques Company produces and sells wooden pallets that are used for moving and stacking materials. The operating costs for the past year were as follows: During the year, Borques produced 200,000 wooden pallets and sold 204,300 at 9 each. Borques had 8,200 pallets in beginning finished goods inventory; costs have not changed from last year to this year. An actual costing system is used for product costing. Required: 1. What is the per-unit inventory cost that is acceptable for reporting on Borquess balance sheet at the end of the year ? How many units are in ending inventory? What is the total cost of ending inventory? 2. Calculate absorption-costing operating income. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would the per-unit inventory cost be under variable costing? Does this differ from the unit cost computed in Requirement 1? Why? 4. Calculate variable-costing operating income. 5. Suppose that Borques Company had sold 196,700 pallets during the year. What would absorption-costing operating income have been? Variable-costing operating income?
The following data were adapted from a recent income statement of Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) for the year ended December 31: Assume that 8,500 million of cost of goods sold and 4,000 million of selling, administrative, and other expenses were fixed costs. Inventories at the beginning and end of the year were as follows: Also, assume that 30% of the beginning and ending inventories were fixed costs. a. Prepare an income statement according to the variable costing concept for Caterpillar Inc. Round numbers to nearest million. b. Explain the difference between the amount of operating income reported under the absorption costing and variable costing concepts. Round numbers to nearest million.
Estimated income statements, using absorption and variable costing Prior to the first month of operations ending October 31, Marshall Inc. estimated the following operating results: The company is evaluating a proposal to manufacture 50,000 units instead of 40,000 units, thus creating an ending inventory of 10,000 units. Manufacturing the additional units will not change sales, unit variable factory overhead costs, total fixed factory overhead cost, or total selling and administrative expenses. a. Prepare an estimated income statement, comparing operating results if 40,000 and 50,000 units are manufactured in (1) the absorption costing format and (2) the variable costing format. b. What is the reason for the difference in operating income reported for the two levels of production by the absorption costing income statement?
The following production data came from the records of Olympic Enterprises for the year ended December 31, 2016: During the year, 40,000 units were manufactured but only 35,000 units were sold. Determine the effect on inventory valuation by computing the following: 1. Total inventoriable costs and the cost of the 35,000 units sold and of the 5,000 units in the ending inventory, using variable costing. 2. Total inventoriable costs and the cost of the 35,000 units sold and of the 5,000 units in the ending inventory, using absorption costing.
Ellerson Company provided the following information for the last calendar year: During the year, direct materials purchases amounted to 278,000, direct labor cost was 189,000, and overhead cost was 523,000. During the year, 100,000 units were completed. Refer to Exercise 2.21. Last calendar year, Ellerson recognized revenue of 1,312,000 and had selling and administrative expenses of 204,600. Required: 1. What is the cost of goods sold for last year? 2. Prepare an income statement for Ellerson for last year.
Identify cost graphs The following cost graphs illustrate various types of cost behavior: For each of the following costs, identify the cost graph that best illustrates its cost behavior as the number of units produced increases: A. Total direct materials cost B. Electricity costs of 1,000 per month plus 0.10 per kilowatt-hour C. Per-unit cost of straight-line depreciation on factory equipment D. Salary of quality control supervisor, 20,000 per month E. Per-unit direct labor cost
Natur-Gro, Inc., manufactures composters. Based on past experience, Natur-Gro has found that its total annual overhead costs can be represented by the following formula: Overhead cost = 264,000 + 1.42X, where X equals number of composters. Last year, Natur-Gro produced 30,000 composters. Actual overhead costs for the year were as expected. Total overhead for per unit was a. 1.42 b. 8.80 c. 11.63 d. 10.22
At the end of the first year of operations, 21,500 units remained in the finished goods inventory. The unit manufacturing costs during the year were as follows: Determine the cost of the finished goods inventory reported on the balance sheet under (a) the absorption costing concept and (b) the variable costing concept.
Last year, Orsen Company produced 25,000 juicers and sold 26,500 juicers for 60 each. The actual variable unit cost is as follows: Fixed overhead was 320,000. Fixed selling expenses consisted of advertising copayments totaling 110,000. Fixed administrative expenses were 236,000. There were no beginning and ending work-in-process inventories. Beginning finished goods inventory was 148,000 for 4,000 juicers. The value of ending inventory reported on the financial statements was Refer to the information in 2.24. The gross margin percentage for last year was a. 12.57% b. 55.67% c. 28.95% d. 38.33%
Jellison Company had the following operating data for its first two years of operations: Jellison produced 90,000 units in the first year and sold 80,000. In the second year, it produced 80,000 units and sold 90,000 units. The selling price per unit each year was 12. Jellison uses an actual costing system for product costing. Required: 1. Prepare income statements for both years using absorption costing. Has firm performance, as measured by income, improved or declined from Year 1 to Year 2? 2. Prepare income statements for both years using variable costing. Has firm performance, as measured by income, improved or declined from Year 1 to Year 2? 3. Which method do you think most accurately measures firm performance? Why?
Contribution margin, break-even sales, cost-volume-profit chart, margin of safety, and operating leverage Belmain Co. expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 20Y7 as at the beginning of the year. The total of all production costs for the year is therefore assumed to be equal to the cost of goods sold. With this in mind, the various department heads were asked to submit estimates of the costs for their departments during the year. A summary report of these estimates is as follows: It is expected that 12,000 units will be sold at a price of 240 a unit. Maximum sales within the relevant range are 18,000 units. Instructions 1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 20Y7. 2. What is the expected contribution margin ratio? 3. Determine the break-even sales in units and dollars. 4. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales. 5. What is the expected margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of sales? (Round to one decimal place.) 6. Determine the operating leverage.