What are steps in the inflammation response? Select all that apply.   Signaling molecules decrease capillary permeability, decreasing the movement of phagocytes into the tissue.   Mast cells release signaling molecules that increase blood flow by widening the arterioles.   Phagocytes in the tissue recognize and engulf the complement-coated

Q: Adaptive immune responses are slow to develop, taking days to weeks after exposure to reach their…

A: Immunity It is a resistance acquired by a host towards an injury causing microbes or overall ability…

Q: Select the CORRECT alternatives about the complement system. The membrane attack complex is shaped…

A: The complement system is the immune system part and enhances the phagocytic cells and antibodies’…

Q: A pairing of MHC and antigene presented on a cell surface is what T immune cells recognize and use…

A: Antigen  An antigen is a foreign objects that stimulates the immune system of affected person.

Q: Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the…

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulin (Ig) which are heavy globular proteins. They are…

Q: The lymphatic system   includes areas of high concentrations of APCs, T and B cells. has a pumping…

A: To maintain proper functioning of the body, the body has 11 different systems. These 11 systems work…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is CORRECT?   - The increase in…

A: Inflammation induces the vasodilation response to increasing the blood flow to the tissue or areas…

Q: Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20…

A: The complement system is otherwise known as complement cascade and is associated with the immune…

Q: Pathogens produce several types of proteins that can inhibit complement activation. The importance…

A: Complement activation is one of the most important ways of innate immune system, to get rid of…

Q: What is the mechanism dendritic cells use to deliver the message about a specific pathogen to the…

A: Introduction T cells are immune system cells that arise from bone marrow stem cells. They aid in the…

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are…

A: In both human and mice NK cells are known for directly inducing the death of tumor cells. They act…

Q: Discuss the difference between him oral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells…

A: Definition Humoral immunity refers to immunity mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular…

Q: Which best describes the role of innate immunity? * It protects the body from foreign…

A: Innate immunity is the immunity one has from the time of their birth. It is the first line of…

Q: The complement system of defense is composed of proteins that are always present in the blood. Which…

A: The complement system is also known as complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system that…

Q: What is the first step in the antigen-antibody interaction? phagocytosis   agglutination…

A: The antigen-antibody interaction is one of the basic and fundamental mechanisms of host immunity. A…

Q: Which of the following statement is TRUE about effector cells? (Select all that apply)…

A: Effector cells are produced once adaptive immune response is activated because adaptive immune cells…

Q: Our first line of defense are barrier __________ that block pathogen entry. Once a pathogen makes…

A: Our first line od defense are barrier Inflammation  that block pathogen entry. Once a pathogen makes…

Q: Which of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that…

A: Inflammation refers to the  body's process of fighting against infections, injuries, and toxins, in…

Q: How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize?…

A: Antigens can be classified according to their source: Antigens from outside the body Exogenous…

Q: What occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply

A: Cell-mediated immune response is the type of immune response that involves activation of specialized…

Q: When describing cytokines which statement is false? Group of answer choices  Cytokines can be used…

A: Cytokines are cell signalling molecules responsible for communication between the cells to elicit an…

Q: Imagine a person catches sars-coV-2 infection, which route of cell signaling will activated to…

A: SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the viral strain of the Covid 19, it…

Q: Which of the following steps are part of the processing of antigen by immune cells? Select all that…

A: Antigen processing It is also called the cytosolic pathway. It i.s an immunological process which…

Q: Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. PAMPs recognize…

A: Introduction  Immunity is an ability of an organism to fight against a particular infection. There…

Q: A certain cell type has existed in the lymphatic system of its vertebrate host's immune system for…

A: The immune system is one of the highly evolved systems of higher animals and plants which aims to…

Q: Which of the following happens during inflammation? A) O The capillaries supplying blood to the area…

A: Immunity is the body's defense system that protects the body from the invasion of harmful particles…

Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c.…

A: The immune system shows immune response in three stages the first line of defence includes the…

Q: During the inflammatory response, dilation of blood vessels is caused by nitric oxide. histamine.…

A: The inflammatory process or inflammation is an immune response that occurs as a result of tissue…

Q: When surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate…

A: Inflammation is a normal physiological response of the body to damage caused to tissue. Infection…

Q: Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. Rig-I-like…

A: Innate Immune system It refers to the non-specific immunity that individuals are born with. It is…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of eosinophils? Phagocytosis Antigen presentation…

A: Eosinophils which are also known as the acidophils , are the white blood cells and are one of the…

Q: The defenses created by physical barriers are often supported by chemical barriers (and vis versa),…

A: It is the non specific immunity with which a person is born with.  It protects you against all…

Q: Write TRUE is the statement is True, otherwise write FALSE and explain why the statement is False.…

A: The complement system involves a set of genes that distinguish foreign cells from body cells.…

Q: Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? Group of answer choices because it provides…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: The diagram shows a pathogen (in red) that is present in different cellular compartments of each of…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to protect itself against disease-causing germs. Nearly every…

Q: Each sentence below describes a step of inflammation. Indicate the order in which these steps occur…

A: Inflammation could be a defense mechanism utilized by your body's white blood cells and also the…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of innate immunity? Histamine release by mast cells…

A: Innate immunity can be described as the non specific immunity or the defense mechanism with which…

Q: What role do all antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play? Group of answer choices phagocytosis of…

A: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY- This has the capability of recognizing and selectively eliminates the specific…

Q: Classify the following images into the type of defense it represents. Interleukin Other cytokines…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes are subpopulations of lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow but…

Q: During the inflammatory response, histamine is released by damaged cells which attracts phagocytes…

A: Anergy is a term used in immunology to describe a lack of response by the body's defence mechanisms…

Q: Cytokines are released by phagocytes to initiate inflammation and ____________.     attract more of…

A: When any thing is present on the surface of the cell and binds to it it results in engulfing it and…

Q: Which of the following shows the correct order of events in the life of a lymphocyte…

A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are main types of immune cells that are made in the bone…

Q: The immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of…

A: Immune system is the ability of the body to resists the entry of foreingn proteins that could be…

Q: Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process  Group of answer choices…

A: Opsonization can be defined as a molecular mechanism that aims to identify invading particles with…

Q: Complement is a cytokine that can self- activate to cause an innate immune response or complement…

A: Innate immunity  It is a general type of defense non specific and present since birth. They do not…

Q: The dead outer surface of skin (not mucous membranes) uses which of the following innate defenses to…

A: Skin Barrier One of the most important physical barriers is the skin barrier, which is composed of 3…

Q: What type of defense is occurring when mucin flows off the epithelium and carries pathogens with it?…

A: The immune system in our body is responsible for protecting us. The entire immune system is divided…

Q: All of the following are true of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) EXCEPT: which option below is the…

A: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are the heterogeneous group of immune cells which can process…

Q: The followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the…

A: An antibody is also known by the name of immunoglobulin. It is a large Y shaped protein that is…