Pathogens produce several types of proteins that can inhibit complement activation. The importance of complement activation as an innate immune defense against infections is illustrated by: The evolution of complement avoidance strategies by many pathogens The large number of proteins involved in the complement pathway The large number of complement regulatory pathways expressed by the host The existence of three different mechanisms for initiating complement activation The ability of the membrane attack complex to lyse some pathogens

Q: Adaptive immune responses are slow to develop, taking days to weeks after exposure to reach their…

A: Immunity It is a resistance acquired by a host towards an injury causing microbes or overall ability…

Q: A pairing of MHC and antigene presented on a cell surface is what T immune cells recognize and use…

A: Antigen  An antigen is a foreign objects that stimulates the immune system of affected person.

Q: Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process coats the pathogen exterior…

A: The system that acts as a barrier and protects us against the disease-causing organisms or pathogens…

Q: -Which of the following best characterizes the mode of pathogen recognition for opsonin-dependent…

A: The immune system is a complex network of biological structures (cell) and protein that defends the…

Q: Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20…

A: The complement system is otherwise known as complement cascade and is associated with the immune…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating…

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: All of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except _____.…

A: The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens. The…

Q: Which is/are false about innate and specific immunity?     B cells are part of the innate immune…

A: The first line of defense against non-self pathogens is the innate immune response. Its response…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by…

A: Introduction: The proteins that are produced in response to an antigen are called antibodies. It is…

Q: Which of the following is specific to the immediate events of innate immune system inflammation?…

A: Innate immunity is the immune response that  consist of all defence elements with which an…

Q: Complement is an integral part of the innate immune response to bacteria . One of its mechanisms of…

A: The complement system is made up of about 30 serum proteins and glycoproteins. It plays an important…

Q: The difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity is that     adaptive immunity attacks…

A: Immunity  Immunity is the defence mechanism of organisms body system. It protect the body from…

Q: All of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except _____. a. they are soluble…

A: The complement system is part of the immune system which involves specialized proteins that aid the…

Q: Which of the following is true about the innate immune system? Check all that apply Phagocytosis…

A: Immunity is defined as all of the physiological mechanisms that allow a person's body to recognise…

Q: Each is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT     interference with viral replication.…

A: The complement system is a course of serine proteases that is encoded by genes starting from similar…

Q: What are TLRS? How does this work to ensure to prevent pathogens to cause diseases? Where are the…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of protection in opposition to pathogens, which is…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a.…

A: Activation of the complement system cause increase and efficient proteolytic cascades that end in…

Q: your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated…

A: The humoral immunity is referred to as immunity from the antibody. B cells can differentiate into…

Q: Acquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial…

A: Introduction: Adaptive immunity, also known as protective immunity, is the third line of defense…

Q: Which of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3…

A: The classical complement (CMP) pathway is considered as the method, which helps in the activation of…

Q: Immature B cells can drive strong adaptive immune responses by maturing into _______. Group of…

A: There is some information about B cells ; B cells are at the centre of the adaptive humoral immune…

Q: Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also…

A: The white blood cells (WBC) in our body are responsible for giving immunological protection.…

Q: The formation of the C3 convertase is a key step in complement activation that occurs in all three…

A: The complementary system occurs in the cascade of reactions which is a part of the immune system. It…

Q: Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? because it is a form of defense found in all…

A: The body has a defense system that consists of many biological structures and processes inside an…

Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c.…

A: The immune system shows immune response in three stages the first line of defence includes the…

Q: Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. Rig-I-like…

A: Innate Immune system It refers to the non-specific immunity that individuals are born with. It is…

Q: Protection is given to children before they catch a disease. They are given an injection of virions…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of eosinophils? Phagocytosis Antigen presentation…

A: Eosinophils which are also known as the acidophils , are the white blood cells and are one of the…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is a rare disease that is caused by a mutation in bone…

Q: The defenses created by physical barriers are often supported by chemical barriers (and vis versa),…

A: It is the non specific immunity with which a person is born with.  It protects you against all…

Q: Describe these 2nd Line of Defenses Inflammation phagocytosis complement system fever Interferons

A: Immunity relates to the capability of the body to prevent infections from occurring. A pathogen is…

Q: Match the term in column A with its description in column B.

A: A) Classical pathway of Complement activation: It is one of the pathway which is used to activate…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of innate immunity? Histamine release by mast cells…

A: Innate immunity can be described as the non specific immunity or the defense mechanism with which…

Q: Which of these does NOT describe complement? It is a type of antibody. It is an innate…

A: The cells and the organs of the immune system mainly function to protect the body from pathogenic…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway? It can be triggered…

A: There are three types of complement pathways: Classical pathway Alternative pathway Lectin pathway

Q: the hallmark of the innate immune response as it is not specific and has no memory to treat…

A: Innate Immune response is a native or natural immunity, which is present from birth and acts…

Q: *Innate immunity includes all the following except Group of answer choices interferon phagocytosis…

A: There are two types of immunity 1.innate 2.humoral

Q: Infants and young children with deficiencies in specific complement components present with…

A:

Q: Pathogens have evolved a number of ways to "thwart" adaptive immunity. Describe two mechanisms used…

A: Adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity is defined as immunity that is developed due to an encounter…

Q: Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process  Group of answer choices…

A: Opsonization can be defined as a molecular mechanism that aims to identify invading particles with…

Q: Which of these is an incorrect description of either the adaptive or innate immune responses?…

A: A network of cells, tissues, and organs work together for the protection of the body and fight…

Q: Innate immunity involves all of the following except: Inflammation Antibodies Phagocytosis Fever

A: Innate immunity is non specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth. This is…

Q: Three effects of complement activation: (1) inflammation (2) opsonization (3) cytolysis of…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: The inflammatory response leads to increased activity of all of the following EXCEPT:   Group of…

A: The inflammatory response leads to increased activity of vascular permeability , number of…

Q: Which of the following is the end product of the complement system?a. properdin b. cascade reaction…

A: The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, it consists of a…

Q: Cellular or molecular components that DO function in BOTH in Humoral immunity, AND in Cell-Mediated…

A: Humoral Immunity: Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity characterised by B cells producing…

Q: Innate Defense Briefly describe the role- of each in our innate defense system.. skin inflammation…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Any aspect of the immune system can be deficient.  Which of the following deficiencies would…

A: Introduction Immunity: it is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is done…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.