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- Consider the following process: NaCl(s) water−→−−water→ Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq); ΔH = +4.2 kJ/mol Under what conditions (temperature) would you expect this process to be spontaneous? Select a relatively high temperature and a relatively low temperature, calculate (estimate) the relative values of ΔG to support your conclusion. The entropy increases in this process Please insert an image of your workAssume that the mixture of substances in drawing (a) undergoes a reaction. Which of the drawings (b)–(d) represent a product mixture consistent with the law of conservation of mass?How can you tell if the standard Gibbs free energy given for a reaction is for chemical standard states or biological standard states?
- SITUATION:You are a chemist in a manufacturing company which produces acetaldehyde, CH3CHO. This is prepared by the reaction of ethanol with copper (II) oxide according to the following equation: CH3CH2OH + CuO → CH3CHO + H2O + CuIf there are 1620 g of ethanol and 1020 g of CuO readily available in the laboratory, what mass of acetaldehyde can be produced? QUESTIONS: 1. Would you recommend the company to buy more ethanol or copper (II) oxide? Why?2. How many grams of acetaldehyde will be produced from the readily available materials?3. How many grams of the excess reactant will be left after the reaction?4. If your actual yield is 552.6 g, what is its percent yield?Which of the following correctly explains why the vapor pressure of water has to be included in the calculations? Some of the liquid water evaporates into the gas, and increases the total pressure generated by the trapped gas. As the H2(g) is bubbled up the reaction solution, some of the H2(g) molecules are solubilized by water in the aqueous solution, effectively decreasing the measured pressure above. The pressure contributed by the H2(g) is greater than the measured total pressure because of the contribution of partial pressure of water vapor. The pressure exerted by the evolved H2(g) is reduced because of the co-presence of water vapor, thus Pwater vapor has to be added to Pdry gas. Overview of the experiment:Under what conditions is the entropy H(X) equal to zero?
- Assume that the mixture of substances in drawing (a) undergoes a reaction. Which of the drawings (b)–(d) rep- resents a product mixture consistent with the law of mass conservation?If you measured the rate of reaction at 20°C to be 1.11 x 10-5 M/s when using 0.080 M I1- and 0.040 M S2O82-. Approximately how long will the reaction take if you were to increase the temperature to 30 °C?This is a plot under standard conditions of free energy corresponding to a chemical reaction of A+B to C+D. What will happen if only C+D are present under standard temperature and pressure? Please explain why.
- The reaction quotient is Q=1.6×10-26 Part B What pH is needed to produce this value of Q if the concentration and pressure values are [Br2]=2.50×10−4M , [Br−]=11.65M, [SO42−]=9.50M, and PSO2=3.50×10−5atm ? Express your answer numerically to two decimal places.Describe the process of calculating the Lattice Energies?A reaction at 23°C has ∆G = 1 kJ mol–¹. Why might this reaction become spontaneous at 37°C?