In the cell, ATP can be enzymatically produced from glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-3-P) and PO,. This enczymatic synthesis utilizes selectedenzymes from glycolysis.Glycerol-3-P+ dihydroxyacetone phosphate-→ x→Y+3-phosphoglycerateWhat is compound X?Note that the cofactors, co-substrates, and details for the use of PO, for this set of reactions have been omitted, You should know them!O PhosphoenolpyruvateO Pyruvateo 2-PhosphoglycerateO Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateO Oxaloacetate

Glycerol is released mostly in the adipose tissue from hydrolysis of fats (triacylglycerol). An…

Answered: What is compound X?

Science

Biochemistry

What is compound X?

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Consider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energy changes of phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-1-phosphate (-5.0 kcal/mol), PEP (-14.8 kcal/mole), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (-11.8 kcal/mole) and Glucose-6-Phosphate (-3.3 kcal/mol). Given that the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole, which of these molecules be directly synthesized by the transfer of a phospho- group from ATP? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Glucose-6-phosphate All of those phosphorylated compounds. PEP Glucose-1-phosphate
If 32P-labeled ATP is provides for the reactions of glycosis, which of the following would be TRUE about 1.3 biphosphoglycerate? A. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P B. 100% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 1 C. 100% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32 P on carbon 3 D. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 3 E. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 1
glycerol 3-phosphate forms the backbone of glycerosphospholipids. what 3-carbon intermediate in the glycolysis pathway is the immediate precursor of glycerol 3-phosphate?
Specify the number of carbon atoms present and the number of phosphate groups present in each of the following glycolysis intermediates (3 points each) 1. Glucose 6 phosphate 2. Fructose 1, 6, phosphate 3. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 4. 3-phospholglycerate 5. Fructose 6 phosphate
The Glycolytic pathway describes the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate with the generation of ATP and NADH Which of the following 8 statements are correct about the process of Glycolysis? a.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to the aldehyde glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. phosphoenolpyruvate is formed from the loss of a hydrogen atom on carbon 2 and a hydroxyl group from carbon 3 c. Glucose transporters only transports phosphorylated glucose d. 2 molecules of NADH is produced from the phosphorylated oxidation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e. when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate, 1 molecule of ATP is produced f. Fructose-1,6.biphosphate is cleaved by aldolase to form 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. The substrate level phosphorylation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate yields 2 molecules of ATP h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate loses a hydrogen atom on carbon 1 and gains an oxygen atom i. The ketose sugar glucose-6-phosphate is…
Determine the number of carbon atoms present and the the total number of phosphate groups present in each of these following intermediates of glycolysis: a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. 3-Phosphoglycerate
In the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occur
The glycolysis reaction map indicates that is also a substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while product of the PPP and an intermediate for glycolysis. A. \beta-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. \alpha - D- Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate C. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate D. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate-3-phosphate is a
Consider the total breakdown of the glycogen structure below. Assuming each glycosidic linkage can be broken down completely and the resulting products are fed through glycolytic metabolism. a) If this molecule was in your muscles, how many molecules of ATP would it generate through fermentation? how many molecules of lactate? b) If the same molecule was in your liver, but was instead fueling glycolysis in your brain, how many molecules of ATP would it generate for the brain through glycolysis? c) The lactate produced in (a) is then transported back to the liver from your muscles. There, it can be used to drive glucose synthesis (known as the Cori cycle). Assume all glucose from this lactate is then re-incorporated into newly synthesized glycogen. List the steps needed for this transformation in the liver and the amount of ATP equivalents it will consume (going from lactate). Also, identify a signaling pathway that would trigger its incorporation into new glycogen, instead of being…
In the degradation of glycogen, the purpose of the debranching enzyme is to remove the last four glucose molecules from branches structure of glycogen. It does this by catalyzing three different reactions. Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. Synthesis of α(1,6) link ΔG = +7.1 kJ Hydrolysis of α(1,4) link ΔG = ─15.5 kJ a)What are the three chemical reactions performed during the removal of the last four glucose molecules of the branching structure of glycogen? b) Calculate ΔG for each of the three reactions described in part a. c) Now calculate the overall energy change for the net reaction carried out by this enzyme. d) Why is this reaction favorable?
In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis? Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglycerate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate 2-Phosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglycerate
All are single-electron carriers EXCEPT: a. UQH2. b. Cyt bL. c. Cyt bH. d. Rieske protein Fe-S clusters. e. Cyt c1. 2.The energy input for the synthesis of glycogen occurs during which of the following enzyme catalysed steps? a. phosphoglucomutase b. UDP-glucose pyrophTosphorylase c. glycogen synthase d. amylo-(1,4®1,6)-transglycosylase e. none of the above require energy input ______________________________________________________________________________(