What is required for the transformation of a bacterial cell (as opposed to conjugation and transduction)? The creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule The infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule The synthesis of a cytoplasmic bridge between two bacterial cells. O Uptake of DNA by the cell, usually by heat shock treatment in the lab.

What is required for the transformation of a bacterial cell (as opposed to conjugation and transduction)? The creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule The infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule The synthesis of a cytoplasmic bridge between two bacterial cells. O Uptake of DNA by the cell, usually by heat shock treatment in the lab.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Function

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RQ: Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care...

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Which of the following prokaryotic cells would probably not be “competent” at transformation? an Escherichia coli cell blasted with a “gene-gun” carrying DNA on gold particles an Escherichia coli cell treated with dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) a Streptococcus pneumoniae cell with no special treatments an Escherichia coli cell with no special treatments E. an Escherichia coli cell treated with calcium
Some scientists are trying to engineer bacteriophageto treat bacterial infections in humans when theinfections do not respond to chemical antibiotics.a. What possible advantages might phage therapyhave over antibiotic therapy?
The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through a sex pilus is termed ___________? Question options: translation transcription conjugation transduction apoptosis transformation Following conjugation between two F- individuals, the DNA recipient _________. Question options: remains F- becomes F' evolves into a new species becomes Hfr becomes F+ nothing; an F- cell cannot conjugate with another F- cell
1- which of the following can be used for treating/combating bacterial infections a. targeting spikes or attachment molecules b. phages c. reverse transcriptase inhibitors d. agent that turns ON gene expression e. agents that promote phage conversion 2- can DNA replication result in genetic change? explain asap please
Why are bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase good targets for antimicrobial drugs? These enzymes are not necessary for DNA replication. These enzymes are involved in energy production, so targeting them would prevent the bacteria from obtaining necessary energy. These enzymes are different from their eukaryotic counterparts, so the drugs targeting them should not affect the host. These enzymes are responsible for host cell recognition, so targeting them would prevent the host cell from being infected.Flag this QuestionQuestion 10
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned? Pathogenic bacteria could introduce disease-causing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs. ” Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria All of the above.
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?
Define the following terms:a. transpositionb. transposable elementc. bacterial transformationd. transductione. conjugation
In Hershey and Chase’s experiment investigating which biological molecule carries genetic information, they found that phage DNA with radiolabeled phosphorus was retained in bacterial cells after transduction. To conclude that DNA is the genetic material, what assumption did they have to make? A. Protein does not enter the bacterium during transduction. B. DNA does not stay in the media after transduction. C. All of the phage DNA was radiolabeled. D. Bacteria can be transduced by phage.
61. Plasmids used in recombinant DNA technology typically: (MARK ALL THAT APPLY) Group of answer choices None of these answers possess a gene for antibiotic resistance are circular double stranded molecules. replicate independently of the host genome. are covalently connected to the host genomic DNA
7. Replication factor C plays which of the following roles in eukaryotic DNA replication?A. the sliding clampB. the clamp loaderC. the DNA ligaseD. a single-stranded DNA binding proteinE. a cofactor required for activating the DNA polymerase 8. Phages that program the host cell for continued particle releasing without killing the cell are called ____________ phages.A. lyticB. lysogenicC. temperateD. chronicE. none of the above 9. Retroviruses use _______ to make a DNA copy of their RNA genome.A. restriction enzymesB. DNA polymerase IC. RNA polymerase IID. reverse transferaseE. reverse transcriptase
Transfer of F factor via bacterial conjugation uses a molecular mechanism related to: a. Transcription b. Telomere replication c. Theta replication d. Rolling circle replication e. None of these is correc