Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 14, Problem 6RQ
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned?
- Pathogenic bacteria could introduce disease-causing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria
- Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs. ”
- Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria
- All of the above.
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Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned? a. Pathogenic bacteria could introduce diseasecausing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria. b. Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs.” c. Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria. d. All of the above.
A student mixes some heat-killed type IIS Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria with live type IIR bacteria and injects the mixture into a mouse. The mouse develops pneumonia and dies. The student recovers some type IIS bacteria from the dead mouse. If this is the only experiment conducted by the student, has the student demonstrated that transformation has taken place? What other explanations might explain the presence of the type IIS bacteria in the dead mouse?
. When a virus mistakenly picks up a segment of host bacterial DNA, packages it into a viral particle, then transfers it to a new bacterial host cell, this transfer of DNA is properly called:
transduction
transformation
conjugation
transversion
transition
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- Bacterial transformation involves DNA transfer to a recipient cell Group of answer choices as naked DNA in solution by a bacteriophage by cell-to-cell contact by sexual reproductionarrow_forwardWhich of the following cannot usually be inserted into a vector to form a recombinant DNA? A. PCR product of a eukaryotic coding sequence B. Lac operon operator region DNA sequence C. Reverse transcriptase gene D. E. coliarrow_forwardHow is bacterial DNA safe from digestion by Restriction Endonucleases? The plasmid of the bacteria provide antibiotic resistance Bacteriophage provide immunity to DNA degradation Foreign DNA outcompetes the chromosomal DNA Modification by methylation blocks the restriction enzyme actionarrow_forward
- Many microbes (as well as other organisms) produce antibiotics. A natural compound produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another unrelated organism is commonly defined as an antibiotic. Thousands of antibiotics have been identified and characterized. Antibiotics prevent virtually every step in the Central Dogma of bacteria. Rifampicin, for example, inhibits transcription while streptomycin inhibits translation. However, no antibiotic has ever been discovered that directly affects DNA replication by inhibiting the action of DNA polymerases. "Why not?"arrow_forwardThe Kishony performed a simple but elegant experiment using a “mega-plate.” Which of the following is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this study? The majority of antibiotic resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Actinobacteria Sensitive bacteria may acquire resistance to high concentrations of the antibiotic through many mutations Bacteria will gradually lose resistance to an antibiotic if you plate them on a large enough plate Bacteria will migrate via chemotaxis away from recombinant phage used in phage therapyarrow_forwardA patient has a Haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection. She is prescribed Amoxicillin. Unfortunately, this strain of H. influenzae has resistance to this antibiotic. Her symptoms worsen. When she again visits the doctor, a nasty Amoxicillin resistant Streptococcus is isolated from her nasal passages. What is the most likely explanation? transduction. conjugation. transformation. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about DNA probes are false? a. Probes can be labeled with a fluorescent dye to facilitate detection. b. Probes can be labeled with radioactive phosphorus to facilitate detection. c. Probes are typically composed of double stranded pieces of DNA. d. Probes are typically composed of single stranded pieces of DNA.arrow_forwardThe genomic DNA of a bacterial cell is NOT destroyed by the cell’s own restriction enzymes because Choose an answer from below: the bacterial DNA is too small to contain the recognition sequence for the enzymes. the restriction sites are occupied by histones. the genome is protected by the nuclear membrane. the restriction recognition sequences in the genome are protected by a microRNA. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are humans GMOs (genetically modified organisms)? our genome contains genes that do not code for any products/proteins our genome contains genes from viruses our genome contains genes from bacteria our genome contains genes from plants all except for a.arrow_forward
- When you have a recombinant organism, it generally has genetic information from? only a bacteria only a genetically modified organism an organism that it is completely unrelated to only a yeast only an archaeaarrow_forwardCRISPR has the potential to change everything. What potential benefits of this technology are you most excited about? What possible drawbacks concerns you the most?arrow_forwardResearchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? A - The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. B - After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. C - A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. D - Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forward
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