What is the most likely adaptation response of bacteria when the growth temperature is changed from the cold (8°C) to physiological temperature (37°C)? Incorporation of saturated fatty acids in the membrane o Incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane O Thermal compensation by upregulation of exergonic reactions O Thermal compensation by downregulation of endergonic reactions O Migration to colder media
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- Vhich of the following does NOT describe a mechanism of antibiotic resistance among bacteria O enzymes to hydrolyze or chemically alter the antibiotics O efflux pumps Omutations in target moleclues so that antibiotics can no longer bind O increased synthesis of porins to increase antibiotic diffusion across membranes O cell wall diffusion barrier, e.g. Gram-negative outer membrane, ACid Fast cell wall of Mycobacterium Question 9 Bonus: You are treating a patient with inhalation anthrax with antibiotics. After 2 weeks of antibiotics, the patient seems greatly improved and you discharge the patient.Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.Select the pathways ahead that are exclusively performed by bacteria: -Disproportionation of thiosulfate -Metanogenesis -Photossyntesis -Desulfurylation -Methanotrophy -Ammonification -Nitrification -Denitrification -Methylotrphy -Assimilatory sulfate reduction -Dissimilatory sulfate reduction -Ammonium asimilation -Cemolithotrophic CO2 reduction -ANAMOX -Respiration -Nitrate assimilation -Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium -Atmospheric Nitrogen fixation -Elemental sulfur aerobic oxidation
- There are many types of movement are employed by bacteria discussed in this chapter. Explain them and propose mechanisms by which energy (ATP or proton gradients) might drive the locomotion.The production of a product P from a particular gram-negative bacteria follows the Monod growth law max Cs Co Ks + C, rg = with max (a) The reaction is to be carried out in a batch reactor with the initial cell concentration of Cco = 0.1 g/dm³ and substrate concentration of Cso = 20 g/dm³. = 1 h-¹, Ks = 0.25 g/dm³, and Y₁ = 0.5 g/g. c/s = p/c Cc Cco + Yc/s(Cs0 - Cs) = Plot rg, -rs-re, Cs, and Co as a function of time. The reaction is now to be car (b) dilution rate at which wash-out out in a CSTR with Cso = 20 g/dm³ and Cco = 0. What is the occurs? (c) For the conditions in part (b), what is the dilution rate that will give the maximum product rate 0.15 g/g? What are the concentrations Cc, C₁, Cp, and ―r, at this value of D? (g/h) if YA wound is swabbed and the swab is placed at 4°C after collection to stop bacterial growth until processing by the lab. Which of the following apply? The bacteria aer intracellular pathogens O The bacteria are mesophiles The bacteria are acidophiles The bacteria are neutrophiles O The bacteria are resistant to antibiotics
- The anitbiotic penicillin is effective against bacteria by _____. inhibiting the sunthesis of peptidoglycan blockimng the adhesion of the capsule to the substrate inhibiting the formation of fimbriae blocking the operation of the proton pump Interfering with conjugationHalotolerant bacteria grow best in high water activity environments. What protects these bacteria from burst out? The active transport mechanism which pumps sodium out of the cell The passive transport mechanisms which requires no energy O The presence of murein layerPseudomonas aeruginosa might contribute to denitrification under which conditions? In an anaerobic environment with no carbon/energy source In an anaerobic environment with a carbon/energy source In an aerobic environment with a carbon/energy source In an aerobic environment with no carbon/energy source
- Denitrification occurs under: anaerobic conditions aerobic conditions both aerobic and anaerobic conditionsThe graph represents the growth rates of different types of bacteria labeled w-z at different temperatures. -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Temperature (°C) Lactic acid bacteria are type x. They are used in the preparation of fermented food products. What will be the impact on the lactic acid bacteria when the temperature is increased to 60°C? O These bacteria will become type y. O These bacteria will work more effectively. O These bacteria will work at the same speed. O These bacteria will stop fermenting food. Growth Rate of BacteriaIn what conditions would a microbe skip over the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl- CoA? It's highly NAD+ limited It's highly carbon limited It's highly ATP limited It's highly NADH limited