What would be the expected effect of attaching an ER signal sequence to a cytosolic protein?

Q: The alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins act as molecular timing switches.  Explain the…

A: G proteins (Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) belongs to a family of proteins which are highly…

Q: Describe results that could be obtained from ribosomeprofiling that would indicate the existence of…

A: Ribosome profiling is a technique which is based on deep sequencing of ribosome protected fragments…

Q: What is the importance of understanding the interactions between the receptor binding domain of the…

A: Spike Protein- The S protein is a highly glycosylated and large type I transmembrane fusion protein…

Q: Is fadh2 an enzyme?

A: A cofactor is characterized by a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is needed for an…

Q: 1 0.8 0.6 Mutant y 0.4 Wild-Type 0.2 40 60 80 [ligand] 20

A: According to the given information, the wild type protein structure has aspartate in its primary…

Q: What method might be used to determine the extent of binding of hemin to the 3 NEAT domains of Hbp2?

A: Each bacteria required iron to grow, proliferate, and show pathogenicity/virulence. This iron…

Q: How many ATP and GTP molecules would be hydrolyzed in the synthesis of a 125 amino acid protein?…

A: ATP and GTP provide signals to drive many cellular functions.

Q: What advantages are there for synthesizing an inactive protein that must subsequently be activated…

A: When the proteins are synthesized into naive polypeptide then these are transferred to the…

Q: What are the most common sites on proteins that are phosphorylated during signal transduction…

A: A phosphorylation cascade is a sequence of events where one enzyme phosphorylates another causing a…

Q: The ras protein is a mutated G protein that lacks GTPase activity. How does the absence of this…

A: G protein is a membrane protein whose target is a membrane associated adenylyl cyclase enzyme. when…

Q: What amino acid residue of phosphoglucomutase is able to transfer the phosphoryl group to glucose…

A: The glycogen’s phosphorolytic cleavage produce the glucose-1- phosphate and to enter the metabolism…

Q: Even though the actual concentration inside a cell is above critical concentration, 50% of action is…

A: Actin participates in many important cellular processes, like muscle contraction, cell motility,…

Q: How does the "sequential" model, used to describe allosteric regulation, explain negative…

A: Allosteric regulation and negative cooperativity - Allosteric regulation of enzymes suggest that…

Q: Describe the similarities and differences in the structures of GPCRs specific for various ligands…

A: A very large group of proteins that detect the substances outside the cell and generate various…

Q: What is the importance of the arrangement of positive charges relative to the membrane orientation…

A: The peptide sequence that is essential for protein insertion, orientation in membrane and for…

Q: What are  the differences between the MWC model and the KNF model of allosteric regulation of…

A: Several models explain the behavior of the allosteric proteins. The concerted model is proposed by…

Q: Based on what you know of scaffolding complexes, what would most likely happen if the Substrate…

A: Introduction Ubiquitin is a tiny regulatory protein with 76 amino acids that was identified in 1975.…

Q: Members of the integrin family are the major cell surface receptors for many ECM proteins such as…

A: Integrins are a family of αβ heterodimers. Integrins are cellular adhesion receptor molecules that…

Q: What would be the effect of a drug that altered the structure of allolactose so that it was unable…

A: Lac operon is defined as an operon which is required for the metabolism and transport of lactose…

Q: Define the following terms: a. cotranslational transfer b. SRP receptor protein c. posttranslational…

A: SECIS  is selenocysteine insertion sequence.

Q: The TATA box and Initiator element (Inr) is recognized by which protein complex? How tight is this…

A: The sequence TATA can be found in most promoters. This sequence binds RNA polymerase. The TATA box…

Q: Explain how phosphorylation and the binding of a nucleotide (such as aTp or GTp) can both be used to…

A: Protein biological activity is defined as the presence of different protein functions. The…

Q: Define the following terms:a. cotranslational transferb. posttranslational transferc. TOM receptor…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…

Q: What is cooperative binding and how can I distinguish positive and negative cooperativity? How does…

A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that alter the rate of the reaction. This enzymes has specific…

Q: Explain how catabolite repression depends on an activatorprotein

A: Introduction  All the gene expressions are under high regulation and this is necessary to avoid over…

Q: The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex becomes activated upon activation of a…

A: Introduction: G Protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) also known as serpentine receptors or seven-pass…

Q: G-proteins were initially named because they were found to be GTP-binding proteins, yet they have an…

A: (c) phosphorylation  of GDP

Q: ATP and GTP play a few roles during transcription and translation. What are two roles that ATP plays…

A: ATP and GTP have different roles during Transcription and translation.

Q: How is ATCase regulated to generate precisely the amount of pyrimidines needed by the cell?

A: Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first step of pyrimidine synthesis. It converts…

Q: What effect does binding of the IRF protein to the IRE in the mRNA encoding ferritin have on the…

A: Iron regulatory proteins(IRP) are previously known as IRF or IRE-BP. They plays a major role in iron…

Q: To understand how a signaling pathway works, it is often useful to isolate the cell-surface receptor…

A: In recent years, affinity chromatography, a liquid chromatographic technique for separation and…

Q: CTP synthetase is allosterically activated by GTP. What function might this play in the cell?

A: CTP synthetase is an enzyme which converts UTP ( Uridine Triphosphate) to CTP ( Cytidine…

Q: What factors account for the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of nucleoside triphosphates?

A: A nucleotide triphosphate is an organic molecule which contains a nitrogen base attached to pentose…

Q: What would happen if an ER signal sequence was attached to a cytosolic protein?

A: Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome present in the cytoplasm of the cells. Ribosomes can be…

Q: pH will you try to bind lysozyme to a cation exchanger

A: Lysozyme is an antimicrobial enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of peptidoglycan in the cell wall…

Q: What is its translational status? What regulatory function it performs?

A: Mitochondria, a membrane-bound organelle present in eukaryotic cells. Unlike other eukaryotic…

Q: How does phosphorylation differ between the kinase-catalyzed reactions and the reaction catalyzed by…

A: Phosphorylation is a process of adding the phosphate group to the biomolecule which was taken from…

Q: Can you answer all the parts to this question please A. Where does a low barrier hydrogen bond…

A: Protease is an enzyme that is observed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is involved in…

Q: GTP-y-s serves as an analog of GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed any further. How would a Co-IP…

A: co-IP or co- Immuno Precipitation is a technique used to study protein-protein interaction in-vivo.

Q: What regulatory mechanisms ensure that end-products and/or products of alternative pathways will not…

A: All metabolic pathways of any cell are tightly regulated at many levels in Order to maintain…

Q: A quanta holds about 10,000 molecules of ACh.  How many quanta are exocytosed during a single…

A: Introduction Synaptic potential refers to the electric potential across the postsynaptic membrane…

Q: When the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced. Gcn4…

A:

Q: Explain why a protein tyrosine phosphatase would include an SH2 domain in addition to its…

A: Protein tyrosine phosphatase : it is are a group of enzymes that removes phosphate groups from…

Q: How does the presence of the poorly hydrolyzable GTP analog GTP?S (in which an O atom on the…

A: Mammalian cell-surface receptors couple to a trimeric G-protein responsible for signal-transducing.…

Q: What type of regulation does the interaction of BPG with hemoglobin represent?

A: 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) is most abundant organic phosphate in the red blood cell. Molar…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.