Q: The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is much larger than a bacterium, and it contains much more DNA. As…
A: Gene transcription and its regulation in prokaryotics is much simpler. But the eukaryotic Gene…
Q: The lac repressor and the pur repressor are homologous proteins with very similar three-dimensional…
A: The lac represser supermolecule, LacI, prevents the transcription of genes concerned in lactose…
Q: The genes that encode the enzymes for arginine biosynthesis are located at several positions around…
A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present on a chromosome. It is the region that encodes the…
Q: . a. Mice engineered to block expression of the geneencoding the telomerase protein age at a…
A: Telomerase is an enzyme that is essential for the replication of chromosomal ends. It is a…
Q: What is meant by Rho dependent and independent transcription termination. What is the differences?…
A: Termination in transcription is a point when enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the growing RNA…
Q: Some prion-related diseases, such as familial fatal insomnia, areinherited. How would you expect the…
A: Familial fatal insomnia is a medical condition characterized by insomnia or trouble sleeping. This…
Q: . Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…
A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error is in a single base. It is also known…
Q: The following question refers to the transcriptional control of the Gal7 locus in Saccramyces…
A: "Genes" are the fundamental unit of heredity. They store genetic information in the form of DNA,…
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Q: ''The chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene (DMBA) must be an extraordinarily specific…
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Q: Attenuation affects anabolic pathways, whereas repression affects either anabolic or catabolic…
A: Transcription is the process in which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied to create a molecule of…
Q: Based on the information in Figure 12-6, how doesGal4 regulate four different GAL genes at the…
A: The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon that codes for galactose metabolism enzymes. Lactose…
Q: Suppose you have just determined the DNA base sequence foran especially strong promoter in…
A: An expression vector is a plasmid or virus and it used for gene expression. In gene expression, the…
Q: Some mutations in the trp 5′ UTR increase termination by the attenuator. Where might these mutations…
A: Tryptophan operon consists of a leader region located at the 5' terminal of mRNA called 5' UTR. The…
Q: A mutant has no activity for the enzyme isocitrate lyase.Does this result prove that the mutation is…
A: Isocitrate lyase is an enzyme in the glycoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to…
Q: Briefly describe two different ways in which intragenic suppressors can reverse the effects of…
A: The second mutation that partially or wholly reverses the phenotypic or genotypic effects of an…
Q: . Suppose you have six strains of E. coli. One is wildtype, and each of the other five has a single…
A: Lac operon is a type of an operon that allows bacteria to used lactose to obtain energy. It includes…
Q: Examine Figure 17.7. What would be the effect on transcription if a mutation occurred in the gene…
A: The process of formation of mRNA from the template DNA is termed as transcription. Mutation hampers…
Q: How would you identify patients whose tumor cells are particularly likely to have a somatic mutation…
A: Somatic mutation takes place in all types of cells in the body except the germ cells. Therefore…
Q: The PIC is highly conserved among species, from yeast to humans. Why is the positioning of the first…
A: PIC stands for the pre-initiation complex. The core promoter region comprising of the initiator…
Q: 15c) Attenuation is a highly efficient mechanism for regulating expression of genes involved in…
A: Attenuation is a regulatory mechanism that is used in bacterial operons to ensure proper…
Q: Itransferases and analyze the cells after they at do you expect to find in the promoter of gene X?…
A: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resides within the bone marrow, which serves as niche for the…
Q: Introns in protein-coding genes of some eukaryotes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides long. What…
A: Unconstrained DNA sequence which are those sequences whose evolution is unaffected by selection are…
Q: A drug called garcinol, is isolated from Garciniaindica (a fruit-bearing tree commonly known as…
A: Garcinol is a benzophenone derivative that has been polyisoprenylated. It has phenolic hydroxyl…
Q: Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but if H3K4 and H4K20 are also methylated, the…
A: Histones are the basic proteins that are employed in nucleosome formation during the chromatin…
Q: position 480 to arginine (G480R) in the FGFR protein. Normally, FGFR is active when FGF binds to it…
A: Achondroplasia is an inherited autosomal dominant disease. This occurs due to a gene mutation that…
Q: Explain why RNAi would be a less effi cient mechanism for regulating the expression of specifi c…
A: RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibits gene expressions or…
Q: Does transcriptional reporter with GFP allow you to see the expression of the different isoforms?…
A: Alternative splicing (AS) plays a fundamental role in the diversification of protein function and…
Q: Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect…
A: Introduction Termination of transcription: It involves the termination of RNA chain synthesis by…
Q: Many transcriptional activators are proteins with a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and an activation…
A: Introduction Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…
Q: in the lac operon, both the operator (o1) and the binding site for CRP–cAMP show rotational…
A: Lactose operon is also called as lac operon. The operon required for the transport and metabolism of…
Q: How does mediator regulate the gene expression in eukaryotic cells? Please , explain phosphorylation…
A: Transcription activation is an important phenomenon in the regulation of the gene expression. In…
Q: Before inserting the blunt-ended PCR amplicon to a dephosphorylated vector, the amplicon is treated…
A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a technique used to amplify a given set of DNA fragment using…
Q: The concentration of free glutamine affects transcription of the enzyme glutamine synthetase in E.…
A: "ANSWER One protein acts as a sensor in -component regulatory systems, at the same time as the…
Q: In mammalian cells, genes that are expressed in a particular cell are reported to undergo…
A: Mammalian cells : It are cells that are derived or isolated from tissue of a mammal. In this…
Q: Retrotransposons are a class of mobile elements that transpose via an RNA intermediate. Contrast the…
A: On the basis of their manner of mobilization, DNA transposons have the ability to move by making…
Q: Recent research has shown that activation of a topoisomerase enzyme leads to greater expression of…
A: Topoisomerase is a nuclease enzyme that is responsible for the cleavage of phosphodiester bond in a…
Q: . All mutations that abolish function of the Rho termination protein in E. coli are conditional…
A: Rho factors are the type of proteins present in prokaryotes that are responsible for transcription…
Q: ou want to clone the yeast ABC gene into an expression vector. Is it possible to induce the rotein…
A: Transgenic organisms are the organisms which contain a foreign DNA. While cloning eukaryotic genes…
Q: A drug called garcinol, isolated from Garcinia indica (a fruitbearing tree commonly known as kokum),…
A: Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative. It contains phenolic hydroxyl groups as…
Q: What properties demonstrate that the lac repressor is a protein?Describe the evidence that it indeed…
A: Lac operon is negatively regulated by repressor protein.
Q: can I have a summary explanation what effect does lactose have on the bacterial cell’s lac operon?
A: Lac operon Lac operon is a group of three gene which help in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria.
Q: You have isolated two different mutants (reg1 andreg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu…
A: A constitutive mutation refers to the mutation in which the bacterial strains having mutation…
Q: RNA knockdown has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of methods used to repress gene expression.…
A: "ANSWER A gene knockdown Is a temporary reduction in expression of genes induced by an analytical…
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- You are interested in finding out in which organ GTF2H5 is highly expressed experimentally. Describe a method in recombinant DNA technology to measure gene expression, explain your rationale, and step by step, what are needed for this method to workRNA knockdown has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of methods used to repress gene expression. Briefly describe how gene expression can be knocked down. What effect would introducing siRNAs to TSC1 have on human cells?Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but if H3K4 and H4K20 are also methylated, the combination of modifications stimulates transcription. What conclusions can you draw about this?
- Discuss the method and experiments where Simplifying Protein Expression with myTXTL is usedTrue/False: In general, weak promoters that support active transcription have -10 and -35 boxes that are close to the consensus sequences and a spacer between the two boxes that is 17 +/- 1 bp.Some prion-related diseases, such as familial fatal insomnia, areinherited. How would you expect the mutation has altered the PrPgene in this case? Would it have affected the promoter, the regulatorysequences, or the coding sequence of the PrP gene?
- Can you please help me by drawing a serie of schematic figures that demonstrates the information in the paragraph below. The carboxy terminus of the p53 protein acts as an allosteric regulator of sequence-specific DNA binding. This was demonstrated initially by Hupp et al. (1992) using a bacterially expressed protein. Recombinant bacterial p53 bound poorly to DNA, and binding could be enhanced by the addition of antibodies specific to the C-terminal region of the protein. Phosphorylation of Ser315 and Ser392 within this domain also enhance sequence-specific DNA binding. Dephosphorylation of Ser376 of p53 after IR allows the association of 14-3-3 proteins with the C terminus of the protein (Waterman et al., 1998). Stavridi et al. (2001) demonstrate that this interaction is required for p53 to activate the downstream gene, p21waf1/cip1, and for the G1 cell cycle checkpoint arrest response. Interestingly, this dephosphorylation event seems to be ATM-dependent, possibly by a phosphatase…The PIC is highly conserved among species, from yeast to humans. Why is the positioning of the first TFII protein so important for proper transcription of the gene?The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sancta appears reddish-brown when grown under green light but alters its gene expression patterns and becomes blue-green when grown under red light. Explain this observation.
- Explain why (a) inactivation of the O2 or O3 sequence of the lac operon causes only a twofold loss in repression, and (b) inactivation of both O2 and O3 reduces repression ∼70-fold.The lac repressor and the pur repressor are homologous proteins with very similar three-dimensional structures, yet they have different effects on gene expression. Describe two important ways in which the gene-regulatory properties of these proteins differ.. An interesting mutation in lacI results in repressorswith 110-fold increased binding to both operator andnonoperator DNA. These repressors display a “reverse”induction curve, allowing β-galactosidase synthesis inthe absence of an inducer (IPTG) but partly repressingβ-galactosidase expression in the presence of IPTG. Howcan you explain this? (Note that, when IPTG binds a repressor, it does not completely destroy operator affinity,but rather it reduces affinity 110-fold. Additionally, ascells divide and new operators are generated by thesynthesis of daughter strands, the repressor must findthe new operators by searching along the DNA, rapidlybinding to nonoperator sequences and dissociating fromthem.)