Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the picture below? Outpot +X 12 Output given capital 10 15 16 30 Laber Point A is in a region of increasing marginal returns to labor Point E is in a region of positive but diminishing marginal returns to labor Point G is in a region of positive but diminishing marginal returns to labor Point D is in a region of positive but diminishing marginal returns to labor
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- Suppose Carl’s wage-schooling locus is given by Years of Schooling Earnings 10 $30,000 11 $35,000 12 $40,000 13 $45,000 14 $50,000 15 $55,000 16 $60,000 17 $65,000 Derive the marginal rate of return schedule. When will Carl quit school if his discount rate is 14 percent? What if the discount rate is 9 percent?Suppose Carl’s wage-schooling locus is given byYears of Schooling Earnings 9 $18,500 10 $20,350 11 $22,000 12 $23,100 13 $23,900 14 $24,000Derive the marginal rate of return schedule. When will Carl quit school if his discount rate is 4 percent? What if the discount rate is 12 percent?Suppose you observe over the last 15 years that the percentage growthin output was 25%, percentage growth in capital was 10%, and percentagechange in labor was 20%. Assume elasticity of output with respect to capitalis 0.4 and elasticity of output with respect to labor is 0.6. Calculate thecontributions to output growth from capital and labor, and then solve forproductivity growth. Please show equation throughout the whole process
- Oscar and Gwen live in Portland. Oscar’s net present value of lifetime earnings in Portland is $135,000, while Gwen’s is $450,000. The cost of moving to Memphis is $25,000 per person. In Memphis, Oscar’s net present value of lifetime earnings would be $145,000, while Gwen’s would be $520,000. If Oscar and Gwen choose where to live based on their joint well-being, will they move to Memphis? Is Oscar a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither? Is Gwen a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither?Suppose a firm’s technology requires it to hire 100 workers regardless of the wage level. The firm, however, has found that worker productivity is greatly affected by its wage. The historical relationship between the wage level and the firm’s output is given byWage Rate Units of Output$ 8.00 65$10.00 80$11.25 90$12.00 97$12.50 102What wage level should a profit-maximizing firm choose? What happens to the efficiency wage if there is an increase in the demand for the firm’s output?Question 1—Investment in Human Capital(6,000 character limit on all answers combined)Assume that there are two types of individuals in the population: Type A and Type B withthe corresponding fractions f1 and f2. The levels of ability for the two types are: αA andαB, with αA > αB. Suppose also that Type A lives for TA years, while Type B lives for TByears.Briefly answer/evaluate FOUR out of the following six statements:A. If the financial resources available for a Type B individual are greater than those available for a Type A individual, it is possible that the former will invest more in his/herhuman capital.B. Suppose that human capital is not productive, which of the two types will get moreinvestment in schooling?C. Suppose that the government provides all wages and sets all wages to be the same.How would that affect the incentives of the two groups to invest in human capital?1D. If TB > TA then Type B will get more education, otherwise Type A will definitely getmore…
- Let’s say we extend the the standard 1 person static labor supply problem instead to a family with two people making money. In the family of two money makers, given as person 1 and person 2, the given utility function is u(c1 + c2, l1, l2). Utility is defined as a function of the sum of goods consumed by the two people in the family, and of each person’s leisure time. Each person has a time endowment of “Ti” and gets a wage “wi”, where i = 1, 2. The two person family has a non-labour income defined y (which means this is the income of the family whether or not they work) and face price “p” for consumption goods. How can I utilize the Slutsky equation to show how the labour supply of 2 changes with w1? Thank you!Consider the problem of a firm who produces output in the present and the future period. This firm is endowed with K units of capital in the current period which is exogenously given. The firm can, however, choose future capital stock K′ through investment I. In particular, we have the following capital accumulation equation: K′ =(1−d)K+I. The firm’s profit is π = Y − wN − I in the current period, where Y = zF(K,N) is output, w is wage, and N is employed labour. Similarly, the profit in the future period is given by π′ =Y′−w′N′+(1−d)K′,whereY′ =z′F(K′,N′)is future output,w′ is future wage, N′ is future labour demand, and (1 − d)K′ is the value of capital left over after production in the future period. The firm maximizes the present value of profits given by V=π+(π'/1+r) Answer the following questions. Write down the firm’s profit maximization problem. Derive labour demands for both the current period and the future period. Suppose the production function is given byY…In the context of the Heckscher-Ohlin model with the two production factors capital andlabor, we have discussed that industries differ in their labor and capital-intensities.(a) Define labor and capital-intensity of an industry.(b) Explain what we mean when we assume that there are no factor intensity reversals.Illustrate the case of a factor intensity reversal using a suitable diagram.(c) Human activity, particularly the production and consumption of energy-intensive goods and the associated emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is a major factor driving global warming. Therefore, the European Union will introduce a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) in the near future. Imagine a variant of the Heckscher-Ohlin model with two production factors labor and energy used in two industries. Define labor and energy intensity of industry in such a model. Can you think of examples of an energy-intensive industry versus a labor-intensive industry?
- Indicate whether the following statetment is true, false or uncertain and briefly explain why. Use formulas or diagram whenever necessary. Suppose that a firm uses capital, K and labor, L in order to produce output and that rental price of capital is v and wage rate of labor is w. If w decreases, then the demand for capital by the firm will decrease.Suppose a worker’s skill is captured by his efficiency units of labor. The distribution of efficiency units in the population is such that worker 1 has one efficiency unit, worker 2 has two efficiency units, and so on. There are 100 workers in the population. In deciding whether to migrate to the United States, these workers compare their weekly earnings at home ( w0) with their potential earnings in the United States (w1).The wage-skills relationship in each of the two countries is given byw0 = 700 + 0.5sandw1 = 670 + swhere s is the number of efficiency units the worker possesses.a. Assume there are no migration costs. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?b. Suppose it costs $10 to migrate to the United States. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?Find the marginal efficiency of capital if the Prospective yield is 720 and the supply curve is 40?