Which of the following terms is used to describe a drug that has the same effect on a receptor as the endogenous chemical messenger? *

Q: We have the following DNA sequence that codes for 7 amino acids of exon 1 of the dopamine receptor…

A: Here the DNA sequence is - 5' GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GAG AAG 3' It codes 7 aminoacids.  The…

Q: A patient is prescribed drug for the treatment of his prostate cancer that blocks testosterone from…

A: Prostate cancer is most common type of cancer in men , which is the second most leading cause for…

Q: Which of the following is water-soluble and therefore must bind to a cell surface receptor in order…

A: Hormones based on their mode of action are divided into two; Hormones that pass through the plasma…

Q: Which of the following statements describes the signal amplification that results from activation of…

A: G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are integral membrane proteins which transmits or converts the…

Q: Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain that regulates mood, cognition and…

A: B.Action potential in presynaptic axon terminal results in the opening of calcium channels C.…

Q: Which of the following are true of endocannabinoids? (Choose more than 1 answer) A. bind to…

A: Endocannabinoids control the operation of numerous organs and tissues in the body. CB1 and CB2…

Q: Consider this pathway: epinephrine S G protein-coupledreceptor S G protein S adenylyl cyclase S…

A: CATECHOLAMINESNorepinephrine, epinephrine, and small amounts of dopamine are synthesized by the…

Q: Name the steps that occur when a signal binds to a receptor on a responding cell.

A: The cell signaling cascade gets activated by the binding of the ligand on the surface of the…

Q: Which statement about neurotransmitters is NOT correct? a given neurotransmitter can bind to a…

A: Neurotransmitters: chemical messenger of the cell that transmitted the signal to the target cell…

Q: Using the below diagram, label each part along with its function. Also identify where ADH acts?

A: The nephrons are the kidney's "useful units," which balance/equilibrate the circulation's components…

Q: G-protein linked receptors exhibit which of the following? (A) Tyrosine kinase activity (B) ATPase…

A: G protein coupled receptors are the most common group of membrane receptors in eukaryotes. They…

Q: Which serotonin agents is NOT acting via interaction with membrane serotonin receptors? a)…

A: Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that the nerve cells produce. 5-hydroxytryptamine is…

Q: All of the following signals can cause conformational change in the receptors without actually…

A: Signal receptors are the proteins which are found on or inside the cell membrane or nuclear…

Q: What is a main reason for side effects with traditional drugs that bind to the active site of a…

A: Some of the traditional drugs that are known to act on the single active site of a receptor, can…

Q: In the brain imaging experiment we discussed, where they observe the effects of exercise on…

A: Excercise leads to various changes in the body such as sweating , activation of sympathetic nervous…

Q: If a newly-developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate them, how…

A: introduction Dopamine receptors are a class of a protein coupled receptors  that are prominent in…

Q: Which of the chemical messengers in the nervous system acts as a neuromodulator and has effects…

A: The nerves have an important function to transmit information from the brain to the rest of the…

Q: The reason a heroin addict feels very ill immediately after going "cold turkey" from heroin is…

A: Chemical signaling allows cells to interact with one another. Different substances, like hormones…

Q: All of the following signals can cause conformational change in the receptors without actually…

A: Cell-surface receptors are membrane-anchored proteins. These receptors bind to the ligands on the…

Q: List the two substances in the body which naturally stimulate opioid receptors.

A: the human body have receptors called opioid receptors . these are g protein coupled receptors that…

Q: Defines the situation when all receptor binding sites are occupied by a messenger

A: Saturation  define the situation when all the receptor binding sites are occupied by a messenger.

Q: Define the following terms: a. G protein-coupled receptor kinase b. β-arrestin c. enzyme-linked…

A: G protein-coupled receptor kinases are protein kinases.

Q: Describe the difference between drugs that are agonists and those that are antagonists.

A: A drug is any chemical substance that is used in treatment, diagnosis, prevention or cure of any…

Q: If we give a patient an SSRI, then what would we expect to happen to the response of the…

A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical molecules that help in the transmission of information from one…

Q: The figure below shows the processes that occur during vision. Answer the following questions with…

A: Introduction: Membrane receptors are protein molecules that bind to or insert themselves into the…

Q: What will be the receptor probability of the active state after you add a high dose of an…

A: Signaling pathway of the cell helps in communication with in the cell as well as between the cells.…

Q: Under what conditions might receptor up-regulation occur? receptor down-regulation?

A: Signaling molecules bind to the receptors present in their target cells.

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true of tyrosine kinase-linked receptors? Select one a…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are defined as the high-affinity receptors present on the cell surface for…

Q: A ligand binds to the extracellular portion of a receptor. Another ligand binds to an identical half…

A: Answer: Introduction: The attaching of a signaling molecule, or ligand, to its receiving molecule…

Q: Explain the following; If a drug partly blocks a membrane’s potassium channels, how…

A: Potassium channels are most widely distributed ionic pores present in the living organisms. These…

Q: When a signal molecule (hormone) binds at a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein

A: GPCR signaling pathway is the cell surface receptor mediated signaling pathway, in which G protein…

Q: Which of the following best describes the type of receptor a beta-antagonist drugs acts on…

A: Beta-blockers are antagonists that block the receptor destinations for the endogenous catecholamines…

Q: Define the term receptor tyrosine kinases?

A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that catalyze the biological process and metabolic activity of…

Q: Testerone is a steriod (lipid) hormone. Which of the following would be the most likely receptor for…

A: Hormones are the chemical molecules which acts as a chemical messenger for different body tissues…

Q: Sort the following items based on which stage they are involved in: reception, transduction or…

A: A Signaling pathway is a series of events that occur between reception (or receiving of signal) to…

Q: Describe the biochemical signaling steps by which activation of the NMDA receptor causes the…

A: NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability that are…

Q: The function of monoamine oxidase is to     a. convert norepinephrine into epinephrine     b.…

A: 1.) monoamine oxidase is involved in removing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin and…

Q: Which of the following is the best description of how a G protein coupled receptor responds to a…

A: GPCR is a cell surface receptor, that transmits signals to intracellular targets by the action of a…

Q: Briefly describe what is signal amplification process using cAMP as the second messenger for example

A: Signal amplification : It is defined as an increase in the intensity of a signal through networks of…

Q: What are the advantages of having an enzyme (like adenylyl cyclase) involved in the initial response…

A: The small molecules and ions that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface for…

Q: Match each description with the appropriate receptor The receptors activated by V[ Choose ] Receptor…

A: Receptors are protein molecules usually on the surface specific to ligands which generate the immune…

Q: Which of the following neurotransmitters is associatedwith inhibition exclusively?a. GABAb.…

A: Neurotransmitters are a type of chemical messengers, which transmit signals across a chemical…

Q: Insulin is a peptide (protein) hormone. As such, which of the following would be the most likely…

A: A peptide hormone that is made up of two polypeptide chains, A and B, that are joined by disulfide…

Q: Why is the receptor the important element determiningthe effect a neurotransmitter has on a target…

A: The neurotransmitters are chemical messengers of the body. It transfers a message to a target cell…

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.