Which pathway is catabolic? Glycolysis ATP Gluconeogenesis Glucose AG"=-4.0 kcal/mol AG"=-2.9 kcal/mol ADP Hexokinase Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphatase Fructose 6-phosphate AG"=-3,4 kcal/mol ADP Phosphofructokinase P, AG"=-3.9 kcal/mol Fructose bisphosphatase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate GDP AG"=+0.2 kcal/mol GTP AG"=-7.5 kcal/mol Co Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ADP Oxaloacetate ADP АТР Ругuvate carboxylase Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate
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glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis
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- What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the complete, balanced, net rxn of glycoslysisequation be and how does this impact the overall glycolysis rxn?What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the net equation be and how does this impact the glycolysis rxn and cell?Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
- In the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occurA. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.Determine if true or false 1. Isopentyl pyrophosphate (activated isoprene) undergoes cyclization during cholesterol biosynthesis 2. Malonyl CoA transacylase catalyzes the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis. 3. Oxaloacetate carries acetyl CoA to the cytosol which is the site of fatty acid biosynthesis. 4. During fatty acid biosynthesis, propionyl CoA is the donor of the acetyl group. 5. During fatty acid biosynthesis, NADPH is used as the reducing equivalent in the process.
- The glycolysis reaction map indicates that is also a substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while product of the PPP and an intermediate for glycolysis. A. \beta-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. \alpha - D- Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate C. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate D. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate-3-phosphate is aCan the carbons in ketones be metabolized and wind up in a glucose monosaccharide? If yes, using merely the information presented in class, outline a possible metabolic route for these carbons. If no, explain why not.Complete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Show complete solutions Answers a. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? b. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? c. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
- Illustrate the following processes and explain briefly and concisely:a. lactic acid formationb. glycolysisc. citric acid cycled. electron-transport chainWhere in the biochemical pathway of cellular respiration (glycolysis, intermediate stage, or citric acid cycle) does each of the following enter: (a) glycerol, (b) fatty acids, and (c) deaminated amino acids?Identify the structure of the metabolites below, and name their glycolytic enzyme and metabolic step: Glucose 6-phosphoglucose 1-phosphoglucose Fructose 1-, 6-biphosphofructose Phosphoenol pyruvate 2-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate Lactate o Pyruvate