Q: Why does biological Fe2+ oxidation under oxic conditions occurmainly at acidic pH?
A: Oxic condition refers to the process or environment in which oxygen is involved.
Q: can you explain the catalytic mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase (complex)
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a multimeric protein involved in the glycolytic pathway of the cell which…
Q: Explain what will happen to reactions of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex when there is a deficiency…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex formed by 3 enzymes that converts pyruvate into…
Q: Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change…
A: ADP + Pi → ATP G= + 30.66 KJ /mol By the electron transport chain, NADH reoxidation has a free…
Q: Terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration include all of the following except A) O…
A: Anaerobic respiration is respiration which uses terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen.…
Q: Discuss the Anaplerotic reactions of TCA cycle.
A: The term amphibolic is used to describe a biochemical mechanism that includes both catabolism and…
Q: Some anaerobic prokaryotes use nitrate (NO3- ) as the terminal electronacceptor for energy…
A: Anaerobic respiration is the metabolic processes that takes place inside the cells of organisms that…
Q: Define an oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction. Why are redox reactions important in cellular…
A: An oxidation/ reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of…
Q: Although molecular oxygen (O2) does not participate directly in any of the reactions of the citric…
A: The citric acid cycle also referred to as the Krebs cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a…
Q: Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers, does not operate a citric acid cycle but contains…
A: Helicobacter pylori is the bacteria which causes gastric ulcers. In H.Pylori, conventional citric…
Q: Aconitase catalyzes the reaction: citrate ↔ HisocitrateThe standard free energy change, ΔG°′, for…
A: The free energy, delta G can be determined from standard free energy change, ΔG0 with this reaction:…
Q: The pyruvate S lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate S ethanol fermentation in…
A: Pyruvate to lactate reaction takes place in our muscle or other microorganisms while fermentation…
Q: Hexadecane (C16H34) is metabolized through the following microbial reactions: C16H34 + aO2 + ÞNH3 -…
A: INTEODUCTION Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between…
Q: (a) Explain why obligate anaerobes contain some citric acid cycle enzymes. (b) Why don’t these…
A: Obligate anaerobes are those organisms that do not utilize oxygen. Oxygen is poison to them. They…
Q: How many more acetyl CoA are generated from stearic acid than from linoleic acid during beta…
A: The process of beta oxidation of stearic acid yields two distinct products and these are acetyl-CoA…
Q: which of the following glycolytic reactions is an oxidation? a) G3P to 1,3-BPG b) PEP to Pyr…
A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process in which one mole of glucose is partially oxidized into the two…
Q: Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP. How many ATP molecules…
A: Beta oxidation of fatty acid is the process of breakdown of fatty acid in order to produce energy.it…
Q: What is the oxidative phosphorylation coefficient? indicate the oxidative phosphorylation…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the reaction in which electrons gets transferred from NADH or FADH2,…
Q: full oxidation of 2 moles of glucos cose produce 36ATP O
A: Overall ATP production for glucose oxidation : C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + ADP +Pi -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
Q: Explain what an oxidation–reduction reaction is and why the breakdown ofglucose in the presence of…
A: A chemical reaction is a process where two or more substances react together to form new or…
Q: Which compound is being oxidized? D-GhceraldehydeSphosphate (GSP) H-C-OH CH-OPO Gheerakdehyde-3.…
A: Glycolysis is a series of reactions that split a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
Q: Proliferating cells require NADPH for biosynthetic processes. Much of the NADPH is provided by the…
A: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) is a cofactor, which is used in many anabolic…
Q: Pyruvate generated by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is converted to lactate or ethanol. It…
A: Pyruvate, the end product of the glycolysis has two fates: fermentation (in the absence of oxygen)…
Q: Yeasts and plants can use acetyl-CoA as a carbon source by omitting which two steps in the TCA…
A:
Q: Complete the following sentence by selecting the correct cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Introduction:- PDH connects the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the…
Q: Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. What citric acid cycle…
A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…
Q: In anaerobic conditions (very low O2), glycolysis must be accompanied by fermentation. Why?
A: There are aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Anaerobic organisms are organisms that survive in the…
Q: Demerol (meperidine) is a drug used to relieve moderate to severe pain through inhibition of the…
A: Eukaryotic organisms have membrane bound organelles in the cell. Mitochondria acts as a…
Q: Oxygen is not a reactant in the β oxidation of fatty acids. Can β oxidation occur under anaerobic…
A: Beta-oxidation is the metabolic process which involves multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules…
Q: Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate…
A: During cellular respiration, respiratory substrates like glucose molecule can undergo a complete…
Q: State the products created when pyruvate is oxidized
A: Pyruvate oxidation is defined as the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate decarboxylase…
Q: Beer production requires an early period of rapid aerobic metabolismof glucose by yeast. Given that…
A: Alcoholic fermentation refers to the anaerobic degradation of the pyruvic acid to form ethanol. It…
Q: Consider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate +…
A: Given that the Gibbs free energy of the malate to oxaloacetate conversion reaction is a positive…
Q: Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. How will the concentrations of…
A: The citric acid cycle is inhibited by the high concentration of ATP,acetyl-CoA, and NADH which…
Q: 3-Phosphoglycerate is a metabolite in glycolysis. Which glycolytic enzyme generates this metabolite?
A: In biochemistry, glycolysis is defined as the aerobic type of metabolic pathway which converts or…
Q: How many ATP molecules can be generated from one mol of 14CH3-COOH? (The conversion of acetate to…
A: Acetate is converted into acetyl-CoA that undergoes the Kreb cycle to form molecules like adenosine…
Q: What type of reaction is the thermodynamic driver for the formation of 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate from…
A: Glycolysis is carried out in all cells which consists of a series of ten reactions that is similar…
Q: Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of t a.) Oxidation of nitrite b.) Decarboxylation…
A: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which…
Q: From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are…
A:
Q: Outline the reactions in the α-oxidation pathway. Why is α-oxidation necessary?
A: Fatty acids are usually degraded by the beta-oxidation pathway but in some cases, such as in…
Q: if 1 molecule of nonadecadoenoic acid 19:0 is completely Oxidized under aerobic condition how many…
A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…
Q: An example for NADP+ dependent dehydrogenase is Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Succinate…
A: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the first step in each fatty…
Q: When regulating phosphofructokinase, why is there such extensive regulation of this reaction and…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that involves breaking down glucose to produce pyruvate and…
Q: Explain why rotenone inhibits oxidative phosphorylationwhen the substrate is pyruvate, but not when…
A: Site-specific inhibitors of electron transport have been identified. These compounds prevent the…
Q: What is the fate of the pyruvate molecule’s carboxylate group during alcoholic fermentation? Explain…
A: The alcoholic fermentation process is considered an anaerobic process, which catalyzes the pyruvate…
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Solved in 2 steps
- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil glycolysis, if the steady-state concentration of gJucose-6-P were 8.3 mM instead of 0.083 mM?Why is pyruvate not oxidized to CO2 and H2O underanaerobic conditions?
- Why does biological Fe2+ oxidation under oxic conditions occurmainly at acidic pH?The pyruvate →lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate → ethanol fermentation in yeast is irreversible. Explain.For myristic acid, C 13H 27CO 2H: (a) How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete β-oxidation? (b) How many cycles of β-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?
- which of the following glycolytic reactions is an oxidation? a) G3P to 1,3-BPG b) PEP to Pyr c) lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions d) condensation of acetate with OAA e) succinate decarboxylase reactionPyruvate generated by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is converted tolactate or ethanol. It may seem this is a waste of energy, but it is in factcritical to survival for cells exposed to oxygen limiting conditions. Explain whythis is true.How many more acetyl CoA are generated from stearic acid than from linoleic acid during beta oxidation? Enter numerical answer only
- Define an oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction. Why are redox reactions important in cellular respiration?Please explain why B)[ under anaerobic conditions most pyruvate is fermented to ethanol]is wrong and give me the correct answer3-Phosphoglycerate is a metabolite in glycolysis. Which glycolytic enzyme generates this metabolite?