You are a management trainee in one of the Manufacturing companies based in Johor, Malaysia. The company was established in 2003 and recently has been listed in Bursa Malaysia. Currently, the debt-equity ratio of the company is 0.30. Your CFO's role demands him to maximize the value of the firm. Your CFO asked you that is there an easily identifiable debt-equity ratio that will maximize the value of a firm? Why or why not? He gave you a couple of days to answer this question. You need to support your answers with examples.

Mini CaseDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies average about 30% debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use so much more debt and how it affects stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant. Assume that Firms U and L are in the same risk class and that both have EBIT=$500,000. Firm U uses no debt financing, and its cost of equity is rsU=14%. Firm L has $1 million of debt outstanding at a cost of rd=8%. There are no taxes. Assume that the MM assumptions hold. Find V, S, rs, and WACC for Firms U and L.

You have been asked by your employers to demonstrate your knowledge in business valuation process, by analyzing the value of Best Group Savings and Loans Company (BGSLC). The company paid a dividend of GH¢ 250,000 this year. The current return to shareholders of companies in the same industry as BGSLC is 12%, although it is expected that an additional risk premium of 2% will be applicable to BGSLC, being a smaller and unquoted company. Compute the expected valuation of BGSLC, if: The current level of dividend is expected to continue into the foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a rate 4% par into foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a 3% rate for three years and 2% afterwards

One fine day, you and your friend chit chat over at tea stall and your friend asked for an financial advice. We always argue that company that pays high dividend meaning that company is doing well. In fact, it is always not the case because some don't pay the dividend, instead they keep the money for future use.  Is there is a perfect payout to fit the shareholders? Please consider a few considerations like the nature of the business, which industry, future growth and expansion plan, capital gain, and many others. Decribe it to your understanding.

You work for the CEO of a new company that plans to manufacture and sell a new type of laptop computer. The issue now is how to finance the company, with only equity or with a mix of debt and equity. Expected operating income is $690,000. Other data for the firm are shown below. How much higher or lower will the firm's expected EPS be if it uses some debt rather than only equity, i.e., what is EPSL - EPSU?    0% Debt, U   60% Debt, L Oper. income (EBIT) $690,000   $690,000 Required investment $2,500,000   $2,500,000 % Debt 0.0%   60.0% $ of Debt $0.00   $1,500,000 $ of Common equity $2,500,000   $1,000,000 Shares issued, $10/share 250,000   100,000 Interest rate NA   10.00% Tax rate 35%   35% ​ Select one: a. $1.29 b. $1.97 c. $2.23 d. $1.63 e. $1.72

Handley Ltd is a firm that up until now has been involved in the manufacturing of plastic bottles used by milk distributors. It is considering pivoting towards producing wifi-enabled lighting systems and wants your help to estimate its after-tax weighted average cost of capital in order to assess the viability of this strategy.Handley Ltd currently have a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.6. They also have two sources of debt, commercial bills and long-term bonds, which, in aggregate, are each equivalent in market value to each other. The current yield on the commercial bills is 3.7% p.a. and the yield on the bonds is 4.1% p.a. The risk-free interest rate is estimated to be 3% p.a., the market risk premium 5.5% p.a. and the current beta of Handley Ltd shares is 0.7. The relevant corporate tax rate is 30%.  1. Estimate the after-tax WACC of Handley Ltd (in percentage terms to two decimal places e.g. 10.03%) 2. In no more than 3 lines explain whether it is appropriate for the company to use its…

Handley Ltd is a firm that up until now has been involved in the manufacturing of plastic bottles used by milk distributors. It is considering pivoting towards producing wifi-enabled lighting systems and wants your help to estimate its after-tax weighted average cost of capital in order to assess the viability of this strategy. Handley Ltd currently have a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.6. They also have two sources of debt, commercial bills and long-term bonds, which, in aggregate, are each equivalent in market value to each other. The current yield on the commercial bills is 3.7% p.a. and the yield on the bonds is 4.1% p.a. The risk-free interest rate is estimated to be 3% p.a., the market risk premium 5.5% p.a. and the current beta of Handley Ltd shares is 0.7. The relevant corporate tax rate is 30%. - Estimate the after-tax WACC of Handley Ltd (in percentage terms to two decimal places e.g. 10.03%) - In no more than 3 lines explain whether it is appropriate for the company to use its…

You are a consultant for several emerging, high-growth technology firms that were started locally and have been a part of a business incubator in your area. These firms start out as sole proprietorships but quickly realize the need for more capital and often incorporate. One of the common questions you are asked is about stockholders equity. Explain the characteristics and functions of the retained earnings account and how the account is different from contributed capital.

You are an accounting student at your local university. Your brother has recently managed to save $5,000, and he would like to invest some of this money in the stock market, so hes researching various global corporations that are listed on the stock exchange. He is reviewing a company that has Goodwill as an item on the balance sheet. He is quite perplexed about what this means, so he asks you for help, knowing that you are taking accounting classes. How would you explain the concept of goodwill to him by comparing it to other types of resources the company has available?

Consider the dilemma you might someday face if you are the CFO of a company that is struggling to satisfy investors, creditors, stockholders, and internal company managers. All of these financial statement users are clamoring for higher profits and more net assets (also known as equity). If at some point, you suddenly found yourself not meeting the internal and external earnings and equity targets that these parties expect, you would probably search for some way to make the financial statements look better. What if your boss, the CEO, suggested that maybe you should make just one simple journal entry to record all the goods that your company is holding on consignment, as if that significant amount of goods were owned by your company? She might say that this action on your part would fix a lot of problems at once, since adding the consigned goods to merchandise inventory would simultaneously increase net assets on the balance sheet and increase net income on the income statement (since it would decrease cost of goods sold). How would you respond to this request? Write a memo, detailing your willingness or not to embrace this suggestion, giving reasons behind your decision. Remember to exercise diplomacy, even if you must dissent from the opinion of a supervisor. Note that the challenge of the assignment is to keep your integrity intact while also keeping your job, if possible.