Chapter 1, Problem 1.28E

Distinguish precisely and in scientific terms the differences among items in each of the following groups. a Coefficient, exponent, exponential b Equivalency, conversion factor, quantity, value, unit c Analyze, identify, construct, check d Mass, weight e Unit, kilounit, centiunit, milliunit f Significant figures, uncertain digit g Uncertainty, exact number h The symbols = and i Fahrenheit, Celsius, kelvin j Direct proportionality, proportionality constant k Density, mass, volume

Consider the following rulers as instruments for the measurement of length. What would the uncertainty be in measurements made using the following? a. Ruler 1 b. Ruler 4

For each of the following numbers, by how many places must the decimal point be moved to express the number in standard scientific notation? In each case, will the exponent be positive, negative, or zero? 72.471 0.008941 9.9914 6519 0.000000008715

For each of the following numbers, by how many places must the decimal point be moved to express the number in standard scientific notation? In each case, will the exponent be positive, negative, or zero? 55,651 0.000008991 2.04 883,541 0.09814

Indicate to what decimal position readings should be recorded (nearest 0.1, 0.01, etc.) for measurements made with the following devices. a. A ruler with a smallest scale marking of 1 cm b. A device for measuring angles with a smallest scale marking of 1 c. A thermometer with a smallest scale marking of 0.1F d. A graduated cylinder with a smallest scale marking of 10 mL

The longest river in the world is the Nile River with a length of 4145 mi. How long is the Nile in cable lengths, meters, and nautical miles? Use these exact conversions to help solve the problem: 6 ft = 1 fathom 100 fathoms = 1 cable length 10 cable lengths = 1 nautical mile 3 nautical miles = 1 league

Which of the following quantities are expressed in metric units? a. Normal body temperature: 37C b. The amount of soft drink in a bottle: 2L c. The height of a ceiling in a room: 8.0ft d. The amount of aspirin in a tablet: 81mg e. The volume of a cooking pot: 4qt f. The time for a short race to be won: 10.2s

For the pin shown below, why is the third digit determined for the length of the pin uncertain? Considering that the third digit is uncertain, explain why the length of the pin is indicated as 2.85 cm rather than, for example, 2.83 or 2.87 cm.

Indicate to what decimal position readings should be recorded (nearest 0.1, 0.01, etc.) for measurements made with the following devices. a. A thermometer with a smallest scale marking of 1C b. A graduated cylinder with a smallest scale marking of 0.1 mL c. A volumetric device with a smallest scale marking of 10 mL d. A ruler with a smallest scale marking of 1 mm