Excursions in Modern Mathematics, Books a la carte edition (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134469041
Author: Peter Tannenbaum
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 74E
Suppose that the following was proposed as a fairness criterion: If a majority of the voters rank
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An election resulted in Candidate A winning, with Candidate B coming in a close second, and candidate C being a distant third.If in a head-to-head comparison a majority of people prefer B to A or C, which is the primary fairness criterion violated in this election?
Condorcet Criterion
Monotonicity Criterion
Majority Criterion
Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives Criterion
A group of fun-loving people have decided to play a practical joke on one of their friends, but they can't decide which friend, Alice (A), Betty (B), or Connie (C). Their preferences are:
(BCA) (ACB) (CAB)
10 4 5
Who wins the election using the Hare method? Does this violate the Condorcet criterion?
An election resulted in Brown winning, with Kelly coming in a close second, and Whitmore being a distant third. If Kelly had received a majority of first place votes, which is the primary fairness criterion violated in this election?
Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Criterion
Condorcet Criterion
No fairness criteria are violated
Majority Criterion
Monotonicity Criterion
Chapter 1 Solutions
Excursions in Modern Mathematics, Books a la carte edition (9th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Figure 1-8 shows the preference ballots for an...Ch. 1 - Figure 1-9 shows the preference ballots for an...Ch. 1 - An election is held to choose the Chair of the...Ch. 1 - The student body at Eureka High School is having...Ch. 1 - An election is held using the printed-names format...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1 - Table 1-30 shows a conventional preference...Ch. 1 - The Demublican Party is holding its annual...Ch. 1 - The Epicurean Society is holding its annual...
Ch. 1 - Table 1-31 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-32 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-33 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-34 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-35 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table1-36 shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-25 see Exercise 3 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-26 see Exercise 4 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-25 see Exercise 3 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-26 see Exercise 4 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-31see Exercise 11 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-32 see Exercise 12 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-33 see Exercise 13 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-34 Number of voters 6 6 5 4 3 3 1st A B B...Ch. 1 - Table 1-35 Percent of voters 24 23 19 14 11 9 1st...Ch. 1 - Table 1-36 Percent of voters 25 21 15 12 10 9 8...Ch. 1 - The Heisman Award. Table 1-37 shows the results...Ch. 1 - The 2014 AL Cy Young Award. Table 1-38 shows the...Ch. 1 - An election was held using the conventional Borda...Ch. 1 - Imagine that in the voting for the American League...Ch. 1 - Table 1-31 see Exercise 11 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-32 see Exercise 12 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table1-33 Number of voters 6 5 4 2 2 2 2 1st C A B...Ch. 1 - Table 1-34 See Exercise 14 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table1-39_ shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table1-40_ shows the preference schedule for an...Ch. 1 - Table 1-35 see Exercise 15 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-36 see Exercise 16 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Top-Two Instant-Runoff Voting. Exercises 39 and 40...Ch. 1 - Top-Two Instant-Runoff Voting. Exercises 39 and 40...Ch. 1 - Table 1-31 see Exercise 11 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-32 See Exercise 12 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-33 see Exercise 13 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-34 see Exercise 14 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-35 see Exercise 15 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-36 see Exercise 16 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table 1-39 see Exercise 35 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - Table1-40 see Exercise36 shows the preference...Ch. 1 - An election with five candidates A, B. C, D, and E...Ch. 1 - An election with six candidates A, B, C, D, E, and...Ch. 1 - Use Table 1-41 to illustrate why the Borda count...Ch. 1 - Use Table 1-32 to illustrate why the...Ch. 1 - Use Table 1-42 to illustrate why the plurality...Ch. 1 - Use the Math Club election Example 1.10 to...Ch. 1 - Use Table 1-43 to illustrate why the...Ch. 1 - Explain why the method of pair wise comparisons...Ch. 1 - Prob. 57ECh. 1 - Explain why the plurality method satisfies the...Ch. 1 - Explain why the Borda count method satisfies the...Ch. 1 - Explain why the method of pairwise comparisons...Ch. 1 - Two-candidate elections. Explain why when there...Ch. 1 - Alternative version of the Borda count. The...Ch. 1 - Reverse Borda count. Another commonly used...Ch. 1 - The average ranking. The average ranking of a...Ch. 1 - The 2006 Associated Press college football poll....Ch. 1 - The Pareto criterion. The following fairness...Ch. 1 - The 2003-2004 NBA Rookie of the Year vote. Each...Ch. 1 - Top-two IRV is a variation of the...Ch. 1 - The Coombs method. This method is just like the...Ch. 1 - Bucklin voting. This method was used in the early...Ch. 1 - The 2016 NBA MVP vote. The National Basketball...Ch. 1 - The Condorcet loser criterion. If there is a...Ch. 1 - Consider the following fairness criterion: If a...Ch. 1 - Suppose that the following was proposed as a...Ch. 1 - Consider a modified Borda count where a...
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- An election resulted in Brown winning, with Kelly coming in a close second, and candidate Whitmore being a distant third. If in a head-to-head comparison a majority of people prefer Kelly to Brown or Whitmore, which is the primary fairness criterion violated in this election? Condorcet Criterion Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Criterion Majority Criterion No fairness criteria are violated Monotonicity Criterionarrow_forwardThe following statements are true except (a) The plurality method of voting satisfies the majority criterion. (b) The Borda count method of voting always violates the majority criterion. (c) The plurality-with-elimination method of voting satisfies the majority criterion. (d) The pairwise comparison method of voting satisfies the head-to-head criterionarrow_forwardA group of fun-loving people have decided to play a practical joke on one of their friends, but they can't decide which friend, Alice (A), Betty (B), or Connie (C). Their preferences are: (BCA) 4 (ACB) 8 (CAB) 6 Who wins the election using the Hare method? Answer Alice, Betty, or Connie. Does this violate the Condorcet criterion? Answer yes or no.arrow_forward
- Many everyday decisions, like who will drive to lunch or who will pay for the coffee, are made by the toss of a (presumably fair) coin and using the criterion "heads, you will; tails, I will." This criterion is not quite fair, however, if the coin is biased (perhaps due to slightly irregular construction or wear). John von Neumann suggested a way to make perfectly fair decisions, even with a possibly biased coin. If a coin, biased so that P(h)=0.5200 and P(t)=0.4800, is tossed twice, find the probability P(hh).arrow_forwardAn exit poll of voters yielded the following information regarding voting patterns on propositions A, B, and C: 294 voters votes yes on A; 90 voted yes only on A, 346 voted yes on B, 166 voted yes only on B, 517 voted yes on A or B, 339 voted yes on C, no one voted yes on all three, and 72 voted no on all three. a) Sketch a venn diagram b) What percent of the voters voted no on A? c) What percent of the voters voted yes on more than one proposition?arrow_forwardA vote is to be taken among the residents of a town and the surrounding county to determine whether a proposed chemical plant should be constructed. The construction site is within the town limits, and for this reason many voters in the county believe that the proposal will pass because of the large proportion of town voters who favor the construction. To determine if there is a significant difference in the proportions of town voters and county voters favoring the proposal, a poll is taken. If 120 out of 200 town voters favor the proposal and 240 out of 500 county voters favor it, would you agree that the proportion of town voters favoring the proposal is higher than the proportion of county voters? Use an alpha = 0.01 level of significance.arrow_forward
- A telecommunication company proposed construction of a cell site tower in a certain city. To determine whether this is to be constructed, a vote is to be taken among the residents of a city and the surrounding barangays. Many residents in the barangays feel that the proposal will pass because of the large proportion of city voters who favor the construction. A poll is taken to determine if there is a significant difference in the proportion of city voters and barangay voters favoring the proposal. If 250 of 400 city voters favor the proposal and 360 of 500 barangay residents favor it, would you agree that the proportion of city voters favoring the proposal is higher than the proportion of barangay voters? Use a 0.025 level of significance.arrow_forwardA country with two states has 75 seats in the legislature. The population of each state (in thousands) is given by: State A B Total Population 3,184 8,475 11,659 A third state is added with 2 additional seats as shown below. State A B C Total Population 3,184 8,475 330 11,989 Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment? Yes Noarrow_forwardA chapter of the Sierra Club is voting for president. The candidates are (A)lvaro, (B)rown, (C)lark, and (D)ukevitch. Number of Ballots 4 23 8 3 12 1st preference C D C A A 2nd preference A A B D B 3rd preference B B D B C 4th preference D C A C D Show that Condorcet’s criterion is not satisfied when the Borda count method is used in this casearrow_forward
- A country with three states has 60 seats in the legislature. The population of each state is shown in the table. State A B C Total Population 38,874 143,034 376,092 558,000 a) Apportion the seats using Hamilton's method. b) Suppose that a fourth state with the population shown in the table is added, with five additional seats. Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method? State A B C D Total Population 38,874 143,034 376,092 48,360 606,360 a) Apportion the seats. State A B C Population 38,874 143,034 376,092 Number of Congressional Seats ? ? ? (Type whole numbers.)arrow_forwardConsider the apportionment of 60 doctors for a physicians organization. The apportionment using Hamilton's method is shown in the table below. Does the Alabama paradox occur using Hamilton's method if the number of doctors is increased from 60 to 61? Clinic A B C D E Total Patients 656 536 515 549 602 2858 Standard quota 13.77 11.25 10.81 11.53 12.64 60.00 Lower quota 13 11 10 11 12 57 Hamilton's apportionment 14 11 11 11 13 60 Complete the table below with the new apportionment for clinics A, B, C, D, and E using a standard divisor rounded to two decimal places. Clinic A B C D E Total Patients 656 536 515 549 602 2858 Hamilton's apportionment ? ? ? ? ? 61arrow_forwardSupposed that the board of directors of a company is voting to choose the company president. The following is the voting result. Person A: 5 votes Person B: 0 vote Person C: 2 votes Person D: 1 vote Person E: 4 votes 1. Using majority rule, who will be the next president? 2. Using plurality rule, who will be the next president?arrow_forward
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