Using data from Appendix 2, calculate ΔS°rxn and ΔSsurr for each of the reactions m Problem 14.10 and determine if each reaction is spontaneous at 25°C.
(a)
Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.22QP
The standard entropy of formation ,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
(b)
Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.22QP
The standard entropy of formation ,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
(c)
Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.22QP
The standard entropy of formation ,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
(d)
Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.22QP
The standard entropy of formation ,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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