Chapter 15, Problem 16P

One geoengineering solution to prevent global warming is to increase Earth’s albedo by adding particles to the stratosphere that can reflect sunlight or increasing cloudiness over the oceans. By how much does the albedo have to change to reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1 degree K? What is the corresponding energy difference in W/m2? Assume a one layer atmosphere modelthat is transparent to visible light and opaque to surface emitted IR, a solar constant of 1360W/m2 and an initial albedo of 0.30.

A heat source of unknown temperature supplies energy of (R+650)kJ  to a carnot heat engine. If this engine sends (R+250)kJ to a sink at (R+26)C find, 1. The temperature of the heat source and  2. The efficiency of the heat engine  R= 83

List down three to five situations in which buildings, roads or other structures has been built to make room for thermal expansion of different materials.