Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 1CSC
Evolution of a Menace
The mutant alleles that confer antibiotic resistance on members of a bacterial population can move to other populations by gene flow and increase by genetic drift. For example. MRSA living on a person's skin might be transferred to her roommate's skin via a shared towel or article of clothing. After joining the population of nonresistant bacteria on the roommate's skin, the newly arrived MRSA may reproduce and may even transfer resistance alleles directly to local bacteria through a process known as conjugation (see Chapter 20). The resistance alleles, introduced to the bacterial population on the roommate's skin by gene flow, may subsequently experience genetic drift that increases their frequency. But what will happen if antibiotics are introduced to the new environment (that is. the roommate's body)? Find out in Section 16.3.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- Modem people native to __________ have a higher degree of genetic diversity than people native to other regions. a. Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. North Americaarrow_forward5. Pigs are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. When this occurs, it is possible for genes from bird flu virus and human flu virus to be combined, thereby producing a new, genetically distinct virus, which can subsequently cause widespread disease. The production of new types of flu virus in the manner described above is most similar to Group of answer choices genetic drift natural selection bottleneck effect gene flow the founder effectarrow_forwardFrom an evolutionary point of view talk about how natural selection has played in biology processes. Make sure to include the words/processes: replication, variation, persistence, RNA, DNA, mutations, scarcity, proton pump, coalition, depletion, surivival, crisis.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is unlikely to contribute to natural selection Mutations of the somatic cells Mutations of the reproductive cells Natural disaster Infectious disease in the populationarrow_forwardWhen genes from two parents mix together to form the genes of their child, this is called… Group of answer choices evolution resequencing mutation natural selection recombinationarrow_forwardLet’s say you have a pointy nose because your dad was sunbathing in the nude and some UV light damaged some of the DNA in the sperm cell that eventually became part of you. This is an example of… Group of answer choices natural selection recombination mutation evolution developmentarrow_forward
- Maria has a sore throat. Her father takes her to the doctor and she is given an antibiotic. After ten days, Maria is still sick. Use the model seen here and describe what has happened to Maria in terms of natural selection. A) The medicine causes some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce. B) Some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. They survive and reproduce, keeping Maria sick. C) After being subjected to the antibiotics, some bacteria change and they can survive the medicine. Maria remains sick. D) In a population of bacteria, variation exists. The bacteria that have increased resistance to medicine outcompete the non-resistant bacteria for food. Not Gradedarrow_forwardWhat force, which changes gene frequencies, occurs if there is a failure to reproduce or if individuals become isolated from the rest of their population? mutation radiation genetic drift nonrandom matingarrow_forwardMosquitoes can carry and transmit many diseases to humans. In the past, the insecticide DDT was heavily used to reduce mosquito populations in order to reduce instances of disease transmission. However, after some time, mosquito populations developed a resistance to DDT, which made the DDT less effective in reducing mosquito populations. Based on what you’ve learned about natural selection, in 3–5 sentences, describe how mosquitoes may have come to develop this resistance.arrow_forward
- 5. Pigs are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. When this occurs, it is possible for genes from bird flu virus and human flu virus to be combined, thereby producing a new, genetically distinct virus, which can subsequently cause widespread disease. The production of new types of flu virus in the manner described above is most similar to Group of answer choices genetic drift natural selection bottleneck effect gene flow the founder effect PreviousNextarrow_forwardEvolutionary changes of antibiotic resistant bacteria increase the ability of a species to survive and reproduce under any circumstances (True or false) give explaination for answer?arrow_forwardHow does natural selection explain the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria? See this video for help. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-antibiotics-become-resistant-over-time-kevin-wuarrow_forward
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