This graph plots the rise and fall of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the human ovarian cycle. Identify each hormone (A–D) and the reproductive events with which each one is associated (P–S). For A–D, choose from estrogen, LH, FSH, and progesterone. For P–S, choose from ovulation, growth of follicle, menstruation, and development of corpus luteum. How would the right-hand side of this graph be altered if pregnancy occurred? What other hormone is responsible for triggering this change?
To identify: The hormones A-D, the reproductive events with which each hormone is related, the way in which the right hand side of the graph will be altered if pregnancy occurs and the hormones that are responsible for triggering this change.
Introduction:
Menstrual cycle is a cycle that takes place in females. It is a cycle or a series of events in which there are hormonal changes in females in ovary and in the uterine wall. In this cycle there is formation of a mature egg in the ovary of females which due to hormonal influence undergoes a series of changes and if the fertilization of the egg takes place then there is formation of zygote and henceforth there is formation of a neonate.
Explanation of Solution
This graph is about the various phases of the menstrual cycle and the hormones related to them. In a menstrual cycle there are three phases. Here in the graph the first phase that is P shows menstruation or the menstrual phase which occurs from first to fifth day, the hormone related to this phase is labeled as A which is FSH. It is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Second phase is the follicular phase which is marked as Q. It starts from the first day and continues till 13th day, the hormone that is related to this phase is labeled as B which is estrogen. It is secreted by the granulose cells of ovarian follicle and by corpus luteum.
The third phase is the ovarian phase which is marked as R. It occurs at the fourteenth day, the hormone that is related to this phase is labeled as C which is LH. This hormone is secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland.
And the last phase is the development of corpus luteum, which is marked as S. It occurs after the fifteenth day. The hormone that is related to it is progesterone which is marked as D. it is secreted by the corpus luteum which is the ruptured covering of the matured egg upon stimulation by the FSH hormone after ovulation.
Before pregnancy the cycle as mentioned in the diagram goes uninterrupted but after pregnancy with the secretion of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone which is secreted by the placenta, the entire hormonal cycle changes.
With the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, with the onset of pregnancy the estrogen and the progesterone levels remain high and the other hormones levels becomes low.
The menstrual cycle in females is responsible for the production and the discharge of the egg formed by the ovaries in females.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
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- Figure 18.17 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.arrow_forwardOutline the roles of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian cycle of a human female.arrow_forwardPrepare a labeled diagram of the major hormonal changes that occur during the uterine and ovarian cycles.arrow_forward
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