Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305104136
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1EA
Although experiments typically manipulate some aspect of the environment to create different treatment conditions, it is also possible to manipulate characteristics of the participants. For example, researchers can give some participants a feeling of success and others a feeling of failure by giving false feedback about their performance or by rigging a task to make it easy or impossible (Thompson, Webber, &c Montgomery, 2002). By manipulating the participants’ experiences, it is possible to examine how people’s performance and attitudes are influenced by success and failure.
Other research has manipulated the participants’ mood. Showing movies, playing music, or having participants read a series of positive (or negative) statements can induce different mood states (positive, negative, neutral). Being able to manipulate mood in the laboratory allows researchers to study how mood influences behaviors such as memory (Teasdale Be Fogarty, 1979) or the ability to read emotions in facial expression (Bouhuys, Bloem, &c Groothuis, 1995), and how other factors, such as alcohol consumption, affect mood (Van Tilburgh & Vingerhoets, 2002).
Suppose you are planning a research study in which you intend to manipulate the participants’ mood; that is, you plan to create a group of happy people and a group of sad people. For example, one group will spend the first 10 minutes of the experiment listening to upbeat, happy music, and the other group will listen to funeral dirges.
- (L0 2) Do you consider the manipula- tion of people’s moods to be an ethical violation of the principle of no harm? Explain why or why not.
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In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows:
Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not.
The sample results are given in the following table.
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19
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30
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The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an annual telephone survey designed to identify risk factors in the adult population and reportemerging health trends. The following table summarizes two variables for the respondents: health status and health coverage, which describes whether each respondent had health insurance:
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385
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17476
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4657
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5675
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Answer with a decimal rounded to 3 decimal places.
In studies examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively as being single and ambitious and having good job prospects. For one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. For another group, it said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). A score of 4 indicates a neutral rating.
The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major historical events that helped...Ch. 4.2 - Describe and apply the three ethical principles of...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the purpose and responsibilities of the...Ch. 4.4 - Define fraud and explain the safeguards that exist...Ch. 4.4 - Define plagiarism and explain the techniques that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - For each of the following, identify which of the...Ch. 4 - Explain the role of voluntary participation in...
Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between passive and active...Ch. 4 - Explain how the enforcement of confidentiality...Ch. 4 - Describe in your own words the criteria that the...Ch. 4 - Find your colleges IRB guidelines and procedures...Ch. 4 - Summarize the major APA ethical standards...Ch. 4 - Describe how replication protects against fraud...Ch. 4 - Although experiments typically manipulate some...
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