Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Muscular system generates the mechanical force and motion which is necessary for locomotion. The continuous contraction and expansion of muscle filaments lead to the movement of the animal. This process is controlled mainly by a protein called troponin.
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Can you match the sacromere anatomy with the proper answer from the list below the table graph?
Sarcomere Anatomy
Description/Reaction
Thin Filaments
?
Thick Filaments
?
A Band
?
I Band
?
M Line
?
H Zone
?
Z Disc
?
A) G-Actin, F-Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin
B) Myosin
C) Bisected by the M Line, this area shows only the thick filaments without any thin filamentous overlap
D) The point of origin for myosin filaments found in the center of the sarcomere
E) An area in the center of the sarcomere marked by the entire length of the thick filaments
F) A space between sarcomeres with the z-disc in the center; this region shows Actin's anchorage points and extension without myosin overlap
G) Anchoring point for the thin filaments
Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motorneuron at the NMJ. Watch this video(http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learnmore about what happens at the neuromuscular junction.
(a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is thestructural and functional difference between a large motorunit and a small motor unit? Can you give an exampleof each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholinedegraded after binding to its receptor?
11
Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control. Explain the processes that must occur in order for a muscle like our Biceps brachi (an elbow flexor) to contract and shorten so that you can pick up a beer after taking this exam. Describe the roles that lons and molecules play in both contraction and relaxation and how the sliding filament theory enables sarcomeres to shorten. Be descriptive but answer the question in your own words.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40.1 - Compare the functions of the epithelial coverings...Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.2 - Compare the structure and functions of different...Ch. 40.2 - Describe the main divisions of the vertebrate...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 40.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 40.3 - Compare the roles of glycogen, creatine phosphate,...Ch. 40.3 - Compare the structures and functions of the three...Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 40 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 40 - Test Your Understanding 3. An energy storage...Ch. 40 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - Evaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 40 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Test Your Understanding 3. An energy storage compound that can be stockpiled in muscle cells for short-term use is (a) myoglobin (b) ADP (c) troponin (d) myosin (e) creatine phosphatearrow_forwardThe release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubules� and what is their role? (b) Please also describe how actin-binding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forward
- Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 40-13. Based on the summation of two stimuli shown in that graph, draw a curve showing summation when the muscle fiber is stimulated three times. Figure 40-13 Summation and tetanusarrow_forward1. Which muscle type has the most elaborate connective tissue wrappings? EXPLAIN. 2. Explain the sliding filament theory of contraction.arrow_forward
- Discuss "the basal lamina of muscle fibers serves as a molecular bulletin board, in which adjoining cells can post messages that direct the differentiation and function of the underlying cells".arrow_forwardFrom which embryonic cell type does muscle tissuedevelop?a. ganglion cellsb. myotube cellsc. myoblast cellsd. satellite cellsarrow_forwardThe correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________. fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fasciclearrow_forward
- 6. Explain what how the muscles cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps 7. Describe the events at the neuromuscular....arrow_forwardMyosin binds to actin, then bends. What is ATP needed for next? A. to pump the Ca++ “keys” back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. to replace the strap and cover the binding sites C. to give feedback to the neuron that contraction occurred D. to un-bind myosin from actin and re-set for another powerstroke.arrow_forwardGive typed explanation Put the events of a single cross-bridge cycle in the proper order. Start with Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. a) myosin binds to actin b) ATP binds to myosin, cross-bridge disconnect c) ATP splits into ADP and Pi d) Myosin head re-energized, repositions into high energy state e) Calcium resequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum f) Cross-bridge power stroke g) Calcium binds to troponin , and actin binding sites are exposedarrow_forward
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