Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The control of muscle contraction does not depend upon its ability to turn the cross-bridge cycle on and off, rather it depends on motor units to carry out the advanced control of each contraction. Each motor unit consists of muscle fibers that are innervated by branches of the axon coming out of a single efferent neuron.
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Which is a false statement about skeletal muscle structure?a. A myofibril is composed of multiple muscle fibers.b. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by connective-tissue tendons.c. Each end of a thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments.d. A cross-bridge is a portion of the myosin molecule.e. Thin filaments contain actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.
In muscle cells, magnesium ions compete with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin molecules. If a person has too high a concentration of magnesium ions in the blood, magnesium ions can prevent calcium ions from binding troponin.
A) What effect would this have on muscle contraction (strengthen, weaken, or no effect)?
B) Use your knowledge of how muscle fibers contract to explain your answer in part A.
In a essay describe in details response by a skeletal muscle and examples.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction? a. proteins b. electrochemical signals c. plasma membranes d. striationsarrow_forwardWhich statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forwarda. Describe the relationship between stimulus voltage and the force of contraction b. What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response? c. What do you conclude happened to the number of fibers contracting as the voltage was raised from threshold to that required to produce a maximal contraction?arrow_forward
- How is electrical excitation of a skeletal muscle fiber coupled to muscle contraction? Speculate onwhy the exact mechanism of this coupling has been difficult to determine.arrow_forwardPredict what might happen to a muscle cell that is extensible but not elastic. What if the reverse were true— a muscle cell is elastic but not extensible?arrow_forwarda. At what time point did would a nerve begin to fatigue? Comment on the percentage decrease in contraction force b. Was it the nerve or the muscle that experiences fatigued? c. Provide a possible mechanism for why the muscle was unable to maintain a prolonged contraction.arrow_forward
- Outline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer: A) Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions. b) Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'arrow_forwardWhat will happen in a muscle cell that has used up its supply of oxygen and ATP whenyou are exercising? Use a diagram to explainarrow_forwarda) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as it was stretched progressively. b) What effect does stretching the muscle have on contraction strength? Is this effect linear? c) What stretch resulted in the highest contraction force? What happens to the muscle at the highest stretch levels?arrow_forward
- Predict what would happen to skeletal muscles of the body if an individual exposed to chemicals that inhibited the ATPase activity of myosinarrow_forwarda. Explain why the muscles of the legs of a childwith Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy appearlarge.b. Explain why only boys are affected byDuchenne’s muscular dystrophy.c. Explain why a child with muscular dystrophypulls himself up a flight of stairs.arrow_forwardThrough which ATP-generating mechanism can long-lasting muscle contractions be sustained? a. oxidative catabolism b. glycolysis c. creatine phosphate reaction d. anaerobic catabolismarrow_forward
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