Work Exercise 12 using
Consider the Gaussian integers modulo 3, that is, the set
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Elements Of Modern Algebra
- Let x and y be integers, and let m and n be positive integers. Use mathematical induction to prove the statements in Exercises 1823. ( The definitions of xn and nx are given before Theorem 2.5 in Section 2.1 ) n(x+y)=nx+nyarrow_forwardLet be integers, and let be positive integers. Use induction to prove the statements in Exercises . ( The definitions of and are given before Theorem in Section .) 18.arrow_forwardLet xandy be integers, and let mandn be positive integers. Use induction to prove the statements in Exercises 1823. ( The definitions of xn and nx are given before Theorem 2.5 in Section 2.1.) xmxn=xm+narrow_forward
- Assume the statement from Exercise 30 in section 2.1 that for all and in . Use this assumption and mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers and arbitrary integers .arrow_forwardLet xandy be integers, and let mandn be positive integers. Use induction to prove the statements in Exercises 1823. ( The definitions of xn and nx are given before Theorem 2.5 in Section 2.1.) (xm)n=xmnarrow_forwardLet and be integers, and let and be positive integers. Use mathematical induction to prove the statements in Exercises. The definitions of and are given before Theorem in Sectionarrow_forward
- 30. Prove statement of Theorem : for all integers .arrow_forwardIn Exercise , use generalized induction to prove the given statement. for all integersarrow_forwardIn the congruences ax b (mod n) in Exercises 40-53, a and n may not be relatively prime. Use the results in Exercises 38 and 39 to determine whether these are solutions. If there are, find d incongruent solutions modulo n. 42x + 67 23 (mod 74)arrow_forward
- Use the second principle of Finite Induction to prove that every positive integer n can be expressed in the form n=c0+c13+c232+...+cj13j1+cj3j, where j is a nonnegative integer, ci0,1,2 for all ij, and cj1,2.arrow_forwardLet p be prime and G the multiplicative group of units Up=[a]Zp[a][0]. Use Lagranges Theorem in G to prove Fermats Little Theorem in the form [a]p=[a] for any aZ. (compare with Exercise 54 in section 2.5) Let p be a prime integer. Prove Fermats Little Theorem: For any positive integer a,apa(modp). (Hint: Use induction on a, with p held fixed.)arrow_forwardProve that if and are real numbers such that , then there exist a rational number such that . (Hint: Use Exercise 25 to obtain such that . Then choose to be the least integer such that . With these choices of and , show that and then that .) If and are positive real numbers, prove that there exist a positive integer such that . This property is called Archimedean Property of the real numbers. (Hint: If for all , then is an upper bound for the set . Use the completeness property of to arrive at a contradiction.)arrow_forward
- Elements Of Modern AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781285463230Author:Gilbert, Linda, JimmiePublisher:Cengage Learning,Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic GeometryAlgebraISBN:9781133382119Author:SwokowskiPublisher:Cengage