To review:
The determination of the survivorship pattern of Albertosaurus sarcophagus and determine the factors making these animals vulnerable to mortality.
Analysis of fossil assemblage of 22 individuals of Albertosaurus sarcophagus, a relative of Tyrannosaurus rex. All 22 died at the same time probably, but at different ages due to starvation. Growth lines present in fossilized leg bones were used to determine the age of death of each specimen. No data for very young individuals were obtained and 60% mortaility rates between birth and age too were assumed. Further, the table is extrapolated to 1000 individuals as given :
Introduction:
There are different types of species that have different anatomy, behavioral patterns, and habitat. Species also differ in their life span. We can track down the life of these different organisms with the help of survivorship table and curve. This table provides a reference to the birth of organisms born at the same time die in each year or unit time.
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Chapter 52 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Explain why it is difficult to use carbon-14 dating on 100-million-year-old dinosaur fossilsarrow_forwardWorking as an Anthropologist in South Africa, you’ve been given four hominin craniums and are asked to develop a new classification system. Using cranium size, the robustness of the cheek bones and brow ridges, and the prognathism of the face, how would you categorize these four skulls into species? Would you categorize all four of them as belonging to the same genus? Two geneses? Three geneses? Four geneses? Do you believe any of them are the same species? Explain how you would categorize these four specimens. Explain what features you used to categorize these specimens.arrow_forwardWorking as an Anthropologist in South Africa, you’ve been given four hominin craniums and are asked to develop a new classification system. Using cranium size, the robustness of the cheek bones and brow ridges, and the prognathism of the face, how would you categorize these four skulls into species? Would you categorize all four of them as belonging to the same genus? Two geneses? Three geneses? Four geneses? Do you believe any of them are the same species? Explain how you would categorize these four specimens. Explain what features you used to categorize these specimens. This is the image of the 4 different hominin individualsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is responsible for the early predominant image of Neanderthals as brutish cavemen? a). They had small brain cases with stocky bodies and were always recovered from cave sites b). The fossil evidence reveals that they had little cognitive capacity and had a hunched over posture c). An early fossil find of an Individual suffering from arthritis was assembled and taken as the type specimen foer all Neanderthals, mistakenly giving the idea that Neanderthals were an ape-like, hunched-over species.d). None of the above are truearrow_forwardPaleoanthropologists generally agree that Homo erectus belongs in our genus and represents a significant shift towards adaptations important to our own species. However, there is much variation among specimens that are grouped into H. erectus. Your instructor will let you know which of these fossil representatives to use for the exercise today.Based on your measurements and comparisons in the table above, what are major differences among Au. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus? Do you think H. habilis is more like Australopithecus or Homo? How do these three species reflect the major environmental pressures of the time periods in which they lived, respectively? List three features that are changing in the genus Homo due to these selective pressures. List three features found in H. erectus that are derived, compared to Au. africanus.arrow_forwardEvidence for biocultural evolution during the Upper Pleistocene may exist in the form of craniofacial morphological differences between premodern humans and modern humans because, as one interpretation mentioned in your text suggests… Group of answer choices deep concentration on the creation of cave art murals resulted in the selection for more gracile craniofacial morphology in modern humans hunter gatherers used landscape surveying methods to hunt and gather resources, a practice that required long periods of squinting resulting in supraorbital browridge muscle robusticity frequent spiritual rituals focused around chanting practices resulted in enlarged craniofacial muscle attachments basket weaving techniques required the use of the teeth as a clamp to temporarily hold the sinew technological innovations assisting with food processing resulted in anatomically modern humans not needing large teeth and facial muscles to chew and process their foodsarrow_forward
- Researchers were working to determine the evolutionary history of modern horses using fossils of four horse ancestor species in North America. They had incomplete data for some of the fossils. This is the data available to the researchers. Species Fossil Location Percent Uranium 235 Decay Age of Rock Layer Mesohippus Colorado 3.2 Unknown Merychippus Montana 1.7 20–13 million years ago Dinohippus Montana Unknown 3–5 million years ago Orohippus Wyoming 5.4 Unknown Based on the data presented, what is the order of the fossils from most distant to most recent ancestor? Mesohippus, Dinohippus, Orohippus, Merychippus Dinohippus, Merychippus, Mesohippus, Orohippus Merychippus, Orohippus, Dinohippus, Mesohippus, Orohippus, Mesohippus, Merychippus, Dinohippusarrow_forwardHow do you think researchers and paleontologist determine where fossils of hominins are buried? answer must be at least 300 words in paragraph formatarrow_forwardRadiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong. Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs. Group of answer choices Pre-australopith Premodern Human Gracile Australopithecine Early Genus Homo Robust Australopithecine Late Genus Homoarrow_forward
- Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong. Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs. -Pre-australopith -Premodern Human -Gracile Australopithecine -Early Genus Homo -Robust Australopithecine -Late Genus Homoarrow_forwardThis video refers to Denisovans as a “Ghost Lineage.” In fact, Denisovans don’t even have a formal scientific name. What is the physical evidence that anthropologists need to further define and understand the Denisovans? A. None of the above B. A Type Specimen (and more Denisovan fossils) C. Neanderthal DNA D. H. sapiens DNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following early hominins exhibits the most morphological similarities with the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees? a. Orrorin tugenensis b. Sahelanthropus tchadensis c. Australopithecus anamensis d. Ardipithecus ramidusarrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning