Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285190907
Author: James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark Bradshaw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Stock option plans provide employees the option to purchase: (a) a specified number of shares of the firm’s stock, (b) at a specified price, (c) during a specified period of time. One of the most controversial aspects of accounting for stock-based compensation is how the fair value of stock options should be measured. Describe the general approach to measuring fair value.
After reading the following short article, answer the subsequent question with one or twosentences:Question:
Why were stock options introduced?
Article:
Solving The Principal Agent Problem: Apple Insists That Executives Must Hold Company Stock
Over the years there have been a number of attempts at solving the principal/agent problem. Apple's the latest to try and do so and it has to be said that their attempt is likely to avoid most of the problems of earlier ones.
The basic problem is that we often hire people to do things for us, on our behalf. We are the principals and those we've hired are our agents. Obviously we do this because other people have skills that we do not and we want those skills: it's the division and specialisation of labour all over again.
However, we run into a problem because the incentives to the agent aren't necessarily going to lead to the behaviour which best benefits the principal. A lawyer being paid by the hour has an incentive to do things slowly…
Home Depot company to analyze common stock, and treasury stock explain what their balances might indicate about how the company is utilizing the investment by its stockholders. Would you want to purchase stock in the company based on the analysis. providing your opinion as to whether you would purchase the company’s stock. Compare your opinions and note any significant similarities or differences.
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- You are a consultant working with various companies that are considering incorporating and listing shares on a stock exchange. One of your clients asks you about the various acronyms she has been hearing in conjunction with financial analysis. Explain the following acronyms and how they measure different things but may complement each other: EPS (earnings per share), EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), and NOPAT (net operating profit after taxes).arrow_forwardRequired: (1) Determine whether Grealish will accept the contract. Show calculations of his utility to two decimal places. Also, indicate whether Grealish will work hard or shirk. (include all steps of calculation) (2) Calculate Jack's utility. Jack is risk-neutral and his utility for money is equal to the cash received. (include all steps of calculation) (3)Jack's business has publicly traded shares. Explain whether you would recommend a compensation contract based on both net income and share price performance under the following conditions; a- Net income is calculated based on historical cost. b- Net income is calculated based on fair value accounting.arrow_forwardArts Corporation offers a generous employee compensation package that includes employee stock options. The exercise price has always been equal to the market price of the stock at the date of grant. The corporate controller, John Jones, believes that employee stock options, like all obligations to issue the corporation's own stock, are equity. The new staff accountant, Marcy Means, disagrees. Marcy argues that when a company issues stock for less than current value, the value of preexisting stockholders' shares is diluted. Pretend you are hired to debate the issues of the proper treatment of opinions written on a company's own stock. Formulate your argument, citing concepts and definitions to buttress your case, assuming: i. You are siding with Johnarrow_forward
- You will enter the Topic, Subtopic, Section, Paragraph in a fill in the blank question and your overall conclusion to this case. Example: ASC 100-10-45-4 (you do not need to enter what the guidance content) Research Case #2: Ricci Corporation is preparing their financial statements for the year ending September 30, 2021. Ricci Corporation has two categories of stock; Preferred and Common. On September 25, 2021 Ricci Corporation declared dividends on the preferred stock which will be paid on October 18, 2021. In order to calculate EPS the staff accountant had the following information: 2021 Net Income: $4,000,000 Preferred Dividends Declared in September 25, 2021 $ 500,000 but not paid until October 18, 2021 Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding 125,000 shares The staff accountant has determined…arrow_forwardA company wants to reward key employees and is considering a restricted stock plan. They have asked you for advice on whether there is an advantage to offering restricted stock units instead of a restricted stock award. What happens if you are fired, retire or die prior to the end of the vesting period?arrow_forwardYou are a CPA who has been hired by DEF Company to assist with their initial public offering. Prepare a memo to the president of DEF outlining the two most significant values, market value and par value, associated with stock.arrow_forward
- Kulikowski Inc., a client, is considering the authorization of a 10% common stock dividend to common stockholders. The financial vice president of Kulikowski wishes to discuss the accounting implications of such an authorization with you before the next meeting of the board of directors. Instructions a. The first topic the vice president wishes to discuss is the nature of the stock dividend to the recipient. Discuss the case against considering the stock dividend as income to the recipient. b. The other topic for discussion is the propriety of issuing the stock dividend to all “stockholders of record” or to “stockholders of record exclusive of shares held in the name of the corporation as treasury stock.” Discuss the case against issuing stock dividends on treasury shares.arrow_forward1. An _________________ is a person who performs an independent assessment of the fairness of a firm’s financial statements.2. The opportunity to buy stock at a fixed price over a specific period of time is known as an _____________________. 3. The market’s perception determines how much the stock is worth.arrow_forwardThe following two items appeared on the Internet concerning the GAAP requirement to expense stock options. WASHINGTON, D.C.—February 17, 2005 Congressman David Dreier (R–CA), Chairman of the House Rules Committee, and Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D–CA) reintroduced legislation today that will preserve broad-based employee stock option plans and give investors critical information they need to understand how employee stock options impact the value of their shares. "Last year, the U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted for legislation that would have ensured the continued ability of innovative companies to offer stock options to rank-and-file employees," Dreier stated. "Both the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continue to ignore our calls to address legitimate concerns about the impact of FASB's new standard on workers' ability to have an ownership stake in the New Economy, and its failure to address the real need of…arrow_forward
- 1. The ________________________ determines how much the stock is worth.2. _________________ is the study of applying specific value to things we own, services we use and decisions we make.3. The process of monitoring managers and aligning their incentives with shareholder goals is known as_______________________. 4. An _________________ is a person who performs an independent assessment of the fairness of a firm’s financial statements.5. The opportunity to buy stock at a fixed price over a specific period of time is known as an _____________________.arrow_forwardAfter reviewing this week's content, when you think about securities (i.e., stock and bond) valuation, you should be able to view securities from both an investor's perspective as well as a corporation's perspective. Explain how an investor's expected rate of return on a stock and a bond is linked to an organization's required rate of return on that stock and bond. In addition, provide an example of a company whose stock (Note: You could use Yahoo!Finance to search for companies and their historical performance) was affected when it released its earnings (i.e., 10K-Annual Report or 10Q-Quarterly Report) and indicate, from a business perspective, why the value of that company's equity fell or rose as a result of a business outcome.arrow_forwardPrepare the necessary entries from 1/1/17 through 2/1/19 for the following events using the fair value method. 1.) On 1/1/17, the stockholders adopted a stock option plan for top executives whereby each might receive rights to purchase up to 30,000 shares of common stock at $40 per share. The par value is $10 per share 2.) On 2/1/17, options were granted to each of five executives to purchase 30,000 shares. The options were non-transferable and the executive had to remain an employee of the company to exercise the option. The options expire on 2/1/19. It is assumed that the options were for services performed equally in 2017 and 2018. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $3,200,000. 3.) On 2/1/19, four executives exercised their options. The fifth executive chose not to exercise his options, which therefore were forfeited.arrow_forward
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