To determine:
The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.
Introduction:
Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.
Explanation of Solution
Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.
Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in
The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.
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Mader, Biology © 2016, 12e (Reinforced Binding) Student Edition (AP BIOLOGY MADER)
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