(a)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: When the atomic orbitals overlap with each other in the region where density of electrons is high, then molecular orbitals are formed. Overlap of the atomic orbitals determines the efficiency of the interaction between the atomic orbitals.
Energy of bonding molecular orbitals is less than the nonbonding molecular orbitals.
To determine: The correct arrangement for
(b)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: When the atomic orbitals overlap with each other in the region where density of electrons is high, then molecular orbitals are formed. Overlap of the atomic orbitals determines the efficiency of the interaction between the atomic orbitals.
Energy of bonding molecular orbitals is less than the nonbonding molecular orbitals.
To determine: The Lewis structure of
(c)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: When the atomic orbitals overlap with each other in the region where density of electrons is high, then molecular orbitals are formed. Overlap of the atomic orbitals determines the efficiency of the interaction between the atomic orbitals.
Energy of bonding molecular orbitals is less than the nonbonding molecular orbitals.
To determine: The description of multiple bonding in
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry
- Give the expected hybridization of the central atom for the molecules in Exercises 21 and 22.arrow_forwardWhat are quantum numbers and how do they relate to energy levels? How does the Band Theory of Metal utilize and incorporate these energy levels through the Valence Band and Conduction Bands?arrow_forwardThe sulfate ion can be represented with four S-O bonds or with two S-O and two So=O bonds.(a) Which representation is better from the standpoint of formal charges?(b) What is the shape of the sulfate ion, and what hybrid orbitals of S are postulated for the σ bonding?(c) In view of the answer to part (b), what orbitals of S must be used for the π bonds? What orbitals of O?(d) Draw a diagram to show how one atomic orbital from S and one from O overlap to form a π bond.arrow_forward
- Carbon is used in countless ways in a modern automobile, with the most visible use being carbon fiber, which is utilized for everything from decoration to vehicle frames and body panels. What properties of carbon (C) allow for the formation of carbon fiber which is a polymer (made of very thin strands of the element carbon)? Explain by referring to the atomic structure of carbon. Compare between carbon fiber and iron (Fe) in terms of durability and performance.arrow_forwardOne of the “grand challenges” for engineering recently identified by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering is the capture of carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Although carbon and oxygen have significantly different electronegativities, CO2 cannot easily be separated from air by applying a voltage in the smokestack of the power plant where it is generated. How does the geometry of carbon dioxide account for this observation?arrow_forwardClassify O2 and N2 as either paramagnetic or diamagnetic. explain your answer by completing the orbitals in the MO energy level diagrams and referring to the electronic structure of these two moleculesarrow_forward
- 1)Using molecular orbital theory, determine the electronic structure of the first excited electronic state of N2. What differences are expected in the properties of the excited state of N2 compared with the same properties of the ground state? 2)Describe the bonding (including σ and п bonds) on an N atom in dinitrogen difluoride, N2F2, using valence bond theory. 3)Magic numbers are associated with protons and neutrons in a nucleus. State the magic numbers for protons and neutrons, and give two evidences to support the existence of these magic numbersarrow_forwardWhat is Inorganic Chemistry? What are Hydride Compounds? Sketch the periodic table and label the areas containing elements that give rise to Ionic, Covalent and Metallic hydrides. Identify on the periodic table the area where a hydride gap occurs. What is an Isotope? Hydrogen gas can be prepared in the Laboratory. Explain the following: Why is the gas collected by the downward displacement of water. Why hydrogen gas is not collected by air? Hydrogen has only one proton, but its Ionization energy is much greater than that of Lithium, which has three protons. Explain. Helium has an atomic number of 2 and a mass number of 4. This means that a neutral helium atom is made up of? Choose one answer from below: 4 neutrons, 2 protons and 2 electrons 4 neutrons, 4 protons and 2 electrons 2 neutrons, 4 protons and 2 electrons 2 neutrons, 2 protons and 2 electrons State two Physical Properties of Helium and give three uses of the Helium Gas. Why are the…arrow_forwardWhy are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements? Hints: It’s because of the Octet rule partially and it’s because ions form partially. Certain types of elements, form ionic bonds. These are incomplete. It’s not until we combine all of the ideas of ions, the Octet rule, what types of elements form ionic bonds, and Lewis dot structures with an actual model of electrons moving that also depicts the real mechanism of ionic bonding that we can thoroughly answer the question. The model of Rubidium oxide in its self will help you answer the question. Cite evidence from the model and the text. What do you see?arrow_forward
- 1) The photoelectron spectrum for water has four bands, not including ionizations from the 1s electrons of oxygen. Three of the bands have vibrational fine structure. The fourth band, which is from the least energetic ionization, shows no such fine structure. Explain these results in terms of your MO scheme. 2) If we added two more electron pairs to the MO scheme for BeH2, this would describe the bonding in water if water were a linear molecule. Compare your MO scheme for bent water with this hypothetical scheme for linear water, and comment on why water is bent instead of linear.arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for diimide, H-N=N-H, explain how the Lewis structure is drawn. Then, using valence bond theory, describe the bonding in this compound. What orbitals overlap to form the bond between nitrogen atoms in this compound? Explain and elaborate.arrow_forwardIdentify the hybrid orbitals used by boron in BCl3 and in BCl4, the ion formed from the reaction of BCl3 and Cl. Explain your choices.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning