Cancellous bone

Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in human bones and play a fundamental role in bone homeostasis. Representing 95% of all mature bone cells and have the longest lifespan in all bone cells, up to decades, osteocytes are the key to bone integrity1. They are initially derived from osteoblasts, residing within bones and take part in bone metabolism through excessive communication with other bone cell populations, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and most importantly, osteocyte progenitors

break in the patients humerus, occipital bone and 3rd Lumbar vertebral body c. Proximal Closer to the origin of the body. In this case the fracture at the proximal diaphysis means the part of the shaft closer to the origin of the humerus (the shoulder) d. Diaphysis The shaft of the bone which surrounds the medullary cavity. In this patients case the diaphysis (shaft) of the humerus has been fractured 
 2. One way bones are classified is by

alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum over a previously diseased root surface2. Great strides are being made to achieve this goal using bone grafts and various other regenerative procedures3. With the exception of blood, bone is the most frequently transplanted tissue in the human body. Virtually every operative day, orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, craniofacial surgeons and periodontists need to fill bony defects or augment deficient bone. The major types of commonly used bone graft

skeletal muscles contract, they pull on bones at a joint to produce movement. Produce Blood Cells- the skeleton enables red and white blood cells to be produced in the marrow cavities of larger bones of the body. Red blood cells make haemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body. White blood cells help protect the body against infections. Bones such as the femur and the pelvic girdle produce blood cells. Fat and Mineral storage- the bones in the skeleton store many minerals. The

Case Study 1. What is meant by a "complete, comminuted, intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip"? A. Complete - refers to a fracture completely through the bone: B. Comminuted - refers to a fracture in which the broken bone has shattered into several smaller pieces: C. Intertrochanteric - refers to a fracture located between the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter of the femur: 2. Draw a picture of what you think Margaret's fracture looks like. 3. The radiologist reported signs of

period of growth, due to disorders in absorption, utilization or lack of vitamin D and calcium. The bone becomes bland, this is a consequence of deficit of calcium and phosphate is eliminated via the renal system due to lack of vitamin D (Dorland, 1982). Second is osteodystrophy, which is a type of bone atrophy with a lot of osteoclastic (destruction of bone) activity and is a substitution of bone by fibrous tissue, typical of hyperparathyroidism or osteofibrosis (Pedro-Pons 1972). Last is Osteoporosis

areolar and bone. These four tissues collaborate to ensure the proper protection, insulation and energy storage for the organs, bones and muscles of the human body. Muscle tissue provides the body with movement through the contraction and relaxation of muscles. These tissues can be further divided into three types of tissues: smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. Each type of muscle provides movement for the different parts of the body, including the heart, muscles, bones and the movement

categorized with a notable lack of bone ossification. Last is Osteoporosis, which forms part of the endocrine and metabolic diseases. It is a skeletal condition that interferes with the captation of proteins and carbohydrates (Manual). Figure 1. Osteoporosis is a generalized, progressive diminution of bone tissue mass per unit volume, causing skeletal weakness, even though the ratio of mineral to organic elements is unchanged in the remaining morphologically normal bone. Histologically there is a reduction

Exploring the Skeletal System The precise number of bones in the adult human skeleton varies from one person to another, but on average there are 206 bones varying shapes and sizes. The skeleton is divided into two main parts. The central bones of the skull, ribs, spin (vertebral column) and breast bone (sternum) form the axial skeleton. The bones of the arms and legs, along with the shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle) and pelvis make up the appendicular skeleton

the individual bones. The bone is a dynamic tissue. Throughout the lifespan, bone adjusts to the physiologic and mechanical demands placed on it by the processes of growth and remodeling. Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera