Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

PROJECT TITLE: Prevention of Leukemic Stem Cells developing from Hematopoietic Stem Cells by targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways INVESTIGATOR: Michelle Nguyen (Spring 2014) PROJECT SUMMARY: According to the study done in 2014 by the National Cancer Institute, leukemia is the 11th most common type of cancer (Howlader et al., 2011). This cancer that originate in the bone marrow or other tissues that form blood cells causing them to divide rapidly without any control (Wu, 2012). These leukemia stem

eukaryotes whereby organelles and cytoplasm are sequestered in vesicles, which are subsequently release to the vacuole for breakdown. The process is build by various nutrient-responsive signaling cascades converging on the Autophagy-Related1 (ATG1)/ATG13 kinase complex. Synthesis of the ATG12-ATG5 and ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine adducts, which are important for autophagy, still occurs in ATG13-deficient plants, but the biogenesis of ATG8-decorated autophagic bodies does not, showing that the complex regulates

Oxidative stress response during infection Candida albicans inside phagocytes After internalization of C. albicans in phagocytes, it has been observed that the target fungal pathogen like any other microbial pathogen follows the path from phagosomes to phagolysosomes and gets fumigated and killed. During infection, Candida species are exposed to higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and antimicrobial peptides, low pH and reactive chloride species (HOCl) inside

Rohon Beard cells (RBs) are transient neurons that are displayed in amphibians (Xenopus), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and other teleosts early in embryonic development. These cells were first described by two scientists independently of one another: Rohon (1894) and Beard (1896). RBs develop on the border between the epidermis and the neuroectoderm because they are a component of the peripheral nervous system. Along with their localization, RBs retain a number of morphological attributes that distinguish

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic, inflammatory skin disease caused by various factors. The prevalence of AD has increased 2-3 fold during the past three decades in all over the world (1). A hallmark of AD is dry itchy skin, due at least in part to defects in skin genes that are important for maintaining the barrier function of the skin (2). The pathogenesis of AD is a complex mechanism. Environmental house dust mite allergen such as Dermatophagoides farinae (DfE) causes AD in human (3)

INTRODUCTION: There are new approaches and agents against certain types of cancer that are urgently needed. Some of the new agents use highly advanced technology utilizing nanoencapsulation that will improve the therapeutic index of the natural drugs. Nanoparticles for cancer therapeutics are rapidly evolving and are being introduced in an attempt to overcome several limitations of conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. Though chemotherapy is successful to some extent in certain cancers

Inroduction – background on CS Centriolar satellites are small, spherical granules with a diameter of approximately 70 – 100nm and can be visualized as electron dense spheres by electron microscopy or as small punctate structures by fluorescence microscopy. The name centriolar satellite is probably derived from the fact that they predominantly accumulate in close proximity of the centrosomes {Balczon:1994vi, Kubo:1999tt, Kubo:2003vk, Dammermann:2002fv}. Centriolar satellites were first detected

Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Pathology Department Association of STAT4 Gene Single-nucleotide Polymorphism with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of M.D. degree in clinical pathology By Marwa Abd El-Monem Mohamed Ateya MB.B.CH. Ass .lecturer of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Prof. Dr. Lamiaa Abd Al-wahab Mohammad Professor of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Prof. Dr. Asmaa

Shankar Pattabhiraman Sneha Sharma Nationwide Children’s Mechanisms of Human Health and Disease 16 July 2015 Ischemic Stroke: An Overview Section One: Introduction My name is Shankar Pattabhiraman, and I am an incoming senior at New Albany High School. I will be graduating in June of 2016, and I am thinking of pursuing a chemical or biomedical engineering major in college, or possibly biochemistry or neuroscience. My career goal is to become a physician, or perhaps a physician scientist. I am especially

Acute Inflammation The survival of all organisms requires that they eliminate foreign invaders, such as infectious pathogens, and damaged tissues. These functions are mediated by a complex host response called inflammation. Definition of inflammation Inflammation is fundamentally a protective response, the ultimate goal of which is to rid the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury (e.g., microbes, toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e.g., necrotic cells and tissues)