Olfactory receptor

Major Depression Depression is one of the most common therapeutic topics. There are many effects that lead to major depression and thus require distinctive therapy methods. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeksema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must have

better marriage or the virtue of acceptance rubbing off on her from the nuns. In either case, Lori was like everyone else in the room because she also appeared to be undergoing her very own metamorphosis. All-in-all, the party was a success, and just enough to catapult us emotionally through the rest of the quarter. Putting up with the likes of Randolph and Loeuw made the quarter seem terribly long, but with Thanksgiving recess just around the corner, the long hours that went into Pathology were

to inhibit or undermine the reconsolidation of such pathways. Knowledge obtained through experimentation involving a noradrenergic beta-blocker, propranolol HCl, has demonstrated that this pharmacological antagonist acting against beta-adrenergic receptors present in the amygdala can disrupt the fear memory pathway. Although this information has been helpful in understanding the circuitry of fear memories and the role of inhibition in such pathways, it has also led to more questions pertaining to clinical

The Pseudo Effect of Synthetic Cannabinoid As of November of 2016, 26 out of 50 states in the U.S. have legalized cannabis for either medical or recreational use. Many of the remaining states have decriminalized the possession of small quantities and others are on the ballot to legalize the plant. Most would agree that the legalization of cannabis alone is one of the most controversial topics in the recent years. However, there is a newer, better and more sought after product in the market.

The article, Concussive brain injury enhances fear learning and excitatory processes in the amygdala by Maxine L. Reger, Andrew M. Poulos, Floyd Buen, Christopher C. Giza, David A. Hovda, and Michael S Fanselow took a close look into the fears and behaviors generated in rats two days after suffering trauma to the brain. This particular article was discovered by searching the keywords: brain injury and amygdala, in the PubMed database. By searching those keywords, the database was able to pull up

The mesolimbic dopamine system plays a critical role in psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity (Hall, Powers & Gulley, 2009). Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine that has been long associated with the brain’s reward systems, and more recently, its effects on animal behaviour have been investigated (Barron, Sovik & Cornish, 2010). While becoming the most broadly used illicit drug world wide, Methamphetamine (MA) is an addictive psychostimulant which causes the brain to release excessive amounts of the

Cannabis is one of recreational drugs that are widely used, taking third place among drugs of concern in addiction treatment services (Degenhardt et al., 2008). There is a conflicting evidence for an association between cannabis abuse and the type or number of depressive symptoms. In the view of the self-medication hypothesis, subclinical depressive symptoms can cause social difficulties and psychological distress that may be relieved by cannabis abuse (Schofield et al., 2006). An association between

Moreover, legalization of cannabis can address some of the negative social consequences related to the black market for cannabis which include, “… Unsafe environments created by the illegal distribution of the drug and the negative consequences of criminal labeling for possession of small amounts of marijuana” (Hajizadeh, 2016, p. 6). In addition, the legalization of cannabis can also reduce the stigma associated with the substance which would make it more socially acceptable. By rendering this substance

1997). Furthermore THC and CBD have repeatedly shown their strength as an analgesic in multiple animal based models and studies (Pertwee, 2006). These anti-nociceptive benefits appear to be affected primarily by the CB1 receptor, but some data also suggests that the CB2 receptor also plays an integral role in the intervention of chronic and neuropathic pain (Scott, Wright & Angus,

Have you ever been in a situation when you thought you were going to be attacked or where you thought your life was in danger? You likely either ran away from the threat or fought the threat off. If you have been in this type of situation, you have possibly experienced the fight or flight response. The fight or flight response discovered in the early 1900s, triggers bodily changes and can be very beneficial to your survival, but in today's world, it can also be very harmful to you if you do not