Substitution

the same carbon as the nitronium ion, allowing the lone pair that is now on the carbon the hydrogen left from to form a double bond with the electron deficient (positively charged) carbon next to it. The products formed are the ortho and para-substitutions of nitroacetanilide.

electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich, it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups and other electron-donating substituents enhance substitution and direct it toward

electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which a proton of an aromatic ring is replaced by a nitro group. Many aromatic substitution reactions are known to occur when an aromatic substrate is allowed to react with a suitable electrophilic reagent, and many other groups besides nitro may be introduced into the ring. Although the reaction produced a low yield at the end, the yield is calculated from the reaction and limiting reagent. Keywords: electrophilic aromatic substitution, nitration, aldehyde

Reduction in Opioid Substitution Therapy,Improving outcomes of Opioid Substitution, Therapy by dstigmatisation of supervised dispensing of Methadone, Discussion and Conclusion. Last but not the least it is necessary to note that there is insufficient done in New Zealand. Henceforth, essay, discussion and conclusion (recommendations) is based on the work done in the UK, Australia and USA. Harm Reduction in Opioid Substitution Therapy Historical Background Opioid Substitution Treatment approach

methyl m-nitrobenzoate. Methyl benzoate was treated with concentrated Nitric and Sulfuric acid to yield methyl m-nitrobenzoate. The product was then isolated and recrystallized using methanol. This reaction is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which the nitro group replaces a proton of the aromatic ring. Following recrystallization, melting point and infrared were used to identify and characterize the product of the reaction. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is

1.) Import substitution industrial (ISI) use tariffs on foreign manufactured goods in order to give the domestic industries a chance to develop. This will build an industry so the country won’t have to rely on other countries for primary goods and will decrease dependency. There are many benefits to import substitution. One of the benefits is the protection of domestic jobs while creating and sustaining them. This will also lower dependency, which is the main benefit. The country will no longer have

Experiment FIVE: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and Column Chromatography Reaction Procedure A hot plate was preheated to 100°C. A dry 5-mL long-neck round-bottom flask was clamped over an aluminum block placed on the hot plate. Ferrocene (0.09 g), acetic anhydride (0.35 mL), and 85% phosphoric acid was added to the flask in that order of addition. A magnetic stir bar was added to the flask. Solution was stirred and heated for 10 minutes. Flask was removed and allowed to cool to ambient

was carried our by reacting acetic anhydride (the acylating agent) and dichloromethane (solvent) with anisole to substitute an acyl group onto the aromatic ring of anisole. Friedel-Crafts reaction can be classified as an electrophilic aromatic substitution. This involves an electrophile replacing a hydrogen atom located in the aromatic compounding forming a new carbon-carbon double blond. Acylation of a monosubstituted benzene has the opportunity to yield any or all three different disubstituted

Suppliers might have to do a market research in order to forecast the consumer behaviour. To do this efficiently, firms might use marginal utility theory, namely principle of diminishing marginal utility together with indifference analysis. Utility is the satisfaction that people earn from the consumption of a certain quantity of a product (Mankiw and Taylor, 2014). Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction that customer gains from consuming one extra unit within a given period of time. However

income effect and substitution effect, consumers will react differently to various stimuli in the macroeconomic environment. In this instance, the doubling of gas prices will ultimately alter the attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of consumers. As soon depicted in the scenarios above, rising gas prices will have an adverse effect on consumer behavior To begin, I believe it prudent to discuss the macroeconomic considerations of rising gas prices on both the income and substitution effect. As such