Ureter

the blood are sent to the ureter which is where urine is removed from the body. Solid wastes are processed through the digestive tract, and removed from the body out of the anus. In fishes, some excretion also takes place in the digestive tract, skin, and especially the gills (where ammonia is given off). Compared with land vertebrates, fishes have a special problem

the side and back and below the rib, nausea and vomiting and effects on the Urine. Pain: One of the symptoms of kidney stones is pain. The pain from kidney stones is caused when the stone tries to push it way through the muscles in the wall of the ureter and into the bladder. The pain is usually felt throughout the sides off the affected Kidney and reaches it way into the back after a short period of time. The pain is also felt in the lower abdomen and the groin area. The pain changes dramatically

Urinary Obstruction, Pediatric Urinary obstruction happens when something blocks the passage of urine from the body. The blockage may be in any of the following places: The kidneys. These are organs that filter blood and produce urine. The ureters. These are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder. This is the sac that holds urine until it passes out of the body. The urethra. This is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Urinary

2. Description of the Diagnosis: Hyponatremia is the consequence of a pathological change in intake and output and reflects an exacerbation of the free water substance to solute degree and is connected to tonicity. Hyponatremia is oftentimes accompanied by other medical conditions such as dehydration or hypovolemia. Contemplations of hidden pathologies help the health awareness group in distinguishing the complete etiological picture, alongside the treatment arrangement (Treas & Wilkinson, p

Safety and efficacy of using the stone cone and an entrapment and extraction device in ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteric stones Waleed Shabana, Mohamed Teleb, Tamer Dawod * Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Urology Department, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt Received 8 December 2014, Received in revised form 6 January 2015, Accepted 8 February 2015 Available online 9 March 2015 KEYWORDS Stone cone; Ureteroscopy; Lithotripsy; Retropulsion ABBREVIATIONS URS, ureteroscopy; MSL, maximum stone length

vary. Kidney stones range in size from only a couple of millimeters to over ten millimeters wide. With a greater diameter of the stones comes a lower chance that the stone will be passed naturally. Bigger stones can even lead to the blockage of the ureters, which are the tubes that filter fluids from the kidneys to the bladder. This blockage can cause pain and may require treatment to be removed. Unfortunately, this treatment can often be expensive and may have to be performed multiple times to be effective

homeostatic balance within the body. • The key anatomical features of the urinary system are: two kidneys and two ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. • The kidneys lay retroperitionally, one on each side of the dorsal body wall; each kidney extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra, to the superior lumbar vertebra. The kidneys are protected by the 11th and 12th pair of ribs. • The two ureters are narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. • The bladder is a hollow muscular organ

therapeutic procedures, usually performed by urologists, or doctors who specialize in diseases of the urinary tract. These procedures use endoscopes to look into the organs of interest, and they are aimed at direct visualization of the interior of the ureters and the bladder in order to diagnose (and sometimes treat) urinary complaints. Cystoscopy Cystoscopy is a procedure that uses a long thin optical instrument (also known as cystoscope), with an eyepiece and a small lighted lens at either end, connected

Ureterocele, Pediatric A ureterocele is an abnormal swelling at the end of a ureter, near the bladder. Ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Urine is filtered by the kidneys and then it flows through the ureters to be stored in the bladder. A ureterocele is a condition that your child is born with (congenital anomaly). Children with this condition usually have an extra ureter on one side of the body, which is likely to form a ureterocele. A ureterocele usually happens on only

Bladder Cancer The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis with muscular walls. Its main function is to store the urine. Urine is made by the kidneys. The ureters then carry the urine to the bladder. From there a long muscular tube called the urethra carries the urine from the bladder to the outside world. The bladder has several layers which are made up of different types of cells. Bladder cancer starts when the cells in the urinary bladder start to grow uncontrollably. Most bladder cancers start