ACC 318 Module Four Assignment Template
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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318
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Accounting
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Apr 3, 2024
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ACC 318 Module Four Assignment Template
Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.
Master Glossary
1.
Define ordinary income (loss).
Ordinary income (loss) refers to income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (or benefits) excluding significant unusual or infrequently occurring items. Discontinued operations and cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles are also excluded from this term, The term is not used in the income tax context of ordinary income versus capital gain. The meaning of unusual or infrequently occurring items is consistent with their use in the definitions of the terms unusual nature and infrequency of occurrence.
2.
Define error in previously issued financial statements.
An error in recognition, measurement, presentation, or disclosure in financial statements resulting from mathematical mistakes, mistakes in the application of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), or oversight or misuse of facts that existed at the time the financial statements were prepared. A change from an accounting principle that is not generally accepted to one that is generally accepted is a correction of an error.
3.
Define earnings per share.
The amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. For convenience, the term is used to refer to either earnings or loss per share.
4.
List the three characteristics included in the definition of a publicly traded company.
A publicly traded company, also known as a public company, is characterized by the following three key features:
Publicly traded shares
: A publicly traded company has shares of its ownership available for purchase and sale on the stock exchange. These shares are bought and sold by investors in the open market, allowing the company to raise capital by issuing additional
shares.
Regulatory compliance
: Public companies are subject to various regulatory requirements and financial disclosure obligations imposed by regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. These regulations are designed to ensure transparency and protect the interests of investors.
Wide ownership distribution
: Public companies have a large number of shareholders, and ownership of the company is typically spread across a diverse group of individuals and institutional investors. This wide distribution of ownership contrasts with privately held companies, where ownership is often concentrated among a smaller group of individuals or entities.
FASB Codification Research
1.
Cite the complete FASB Codification reference used for the characteristics of related parties.
718-10-55-37
942-505-50-4
845-10-30-10
2.
Describe at least four examples of related parties.
Related parties are individuals or entities that are closely associated with each other due to a specific relationship, either through ownership, control, or common affiliations. Here are four examples of related parties:
Parent and subsidiary companies:
A parent company and its subsidiaries are considered
related parties. A parent company is one that has control over another entity, known as its subsidiary, through ownership of a significant portion of its voting shares.
Siblings and close family members:
Individuals who are related by blood, such as siblings, or through marriage, such as spouses and children, are considered related parties. Transactions between a company and its owners or their close family members are subject to scrutiny to ensure fairness and transparency.
Companies under common control:
Entities that are under the common control of the same individual or group of individuals are considered related parties. Even if there is no
direct ownership relationship, if there is significant influence or control exerted by the same parties over multiple entities, those entities may be deemed related.
Key management personnel:
Individuals who have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of an entity are considered key management personnel. This may include executives, directors, and other high-ranking officials. Transactions between a company and its key management personnel are often disclosed in financial statements to ensure transparency.
3.
Cite the complete FASB Codification reference used for the explanation of segment reporting.
280-10-50-2
4.
Explain when segment reporting quantitative thresholds requires a public company to report separate information about an operating segment.
The criteria for reporting separate information about an operating segment usually include one or more of the following:
Revenue Threshold: If the revenue from external customers for a particular operating segment constitutes a significant percentage of the total consolidated revenue of the company, it may trigger the requirement for separate segment reporting.
Profit or Loss Threshold:
If the profit or loss of an operating segment is a significant percentage of the total consolidated profit or loss of the company it may warrant separate reporting.
Asset Threshold:
If the assets of an operating segment are a significant percentage of the total consolidated assets of the company, it may trigger the need for separate reporting.
5.
Cite the complete FASB Codification reference used for the explanation of interim reporting relating to SEC-register companies.
250-10-S99-1
6.
Explain whether it is acceptable for an SEC-registered company to state the impracticality of determining components of inventory using the gross profit method in their interim reporting. Consider the following question to guide your response:
A.
Is it acceptable?
B.
Would a public company count inventories during each interim period?
C.
Will management be able to make reasonable estimates of inventory estimates? Why or
why not?
The acceptability of stating the impracticality of determining components of inventory using the gross profit method in interim reporting depends on the circumstances. Generally, companies are expected to use a consistent and reasonable method for valuing inventories. If it becomes impractical to use the gross profit method for interim reporting due to specific reasons, the company may be allowed to deviate from it. However, the company should disclose the reasons for the impracticality and the alternative method used. Yes, public companies are expected to perform regular and consistent inventory counts, including during interim periods. Interim financial reporting is a way for companies to provide updates on their financial performance and
position between annual financial statements. Therefore, counting inventories during interim periods is crucial for maintaining the accuracy and reliability of financial information. Management is expected to make reasonable estimates of inventory amounts for interim reporting. The gross profit method is one way to estimate the cost of goods sold and ending inventory. However, if circumstances make it impractical to use this method during interim periods, management may need to use an alternative method. The key is to ensure that any alternative method used provides a reasonable and reliable estimate of the components of inventory, and the company should disclose the reasons for the change and the impact on financial statements. In summary, while it may be acceptable to state the impracticality of using the gross profit method for interim reporting, public companies are still expected to count inventories during each interim period and make reasonable estimates using alternative methods if necessary. Full transparency and disclosure about the reasons for any deviations from standard inventory valuation methods are essential for maintaining the integrity of financial reporting. Additionally, any changes in accounting methods should be communicated to users of the financial statements to provide a clear understanding of the company's financial position and performance.
References
Include any references used to complete this assignment. This section is for the full citations. Sources should be cited using APA style.
Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., & Warfield, T. D. (2022). Wiley (18th ed.). Wiley.
Financial Accounting Foundation. (2023). Accounting Standards Codification. FASB Accounting Standards
Codification®. https://asc.fasb.org/Home
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