ACC 318 Module Two Assignment Template
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ACC 318 Module Two Assignment Template
Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.
Debt-to-Assets Ratios
1.
Calculate the quality of the debt-to-assets ratios for both companies.
The Coca-Cola Company:
Debt-to-Assets Ratio = (
Long
−
termdebt
+
Short
−
term debt
)
Total Assets
Debt-to-Assets Ratio = (
40,125
+
2,183
)
87,296
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.48
PepsiCo:
Debt-to-Assets Ratio = Long
−
term Debt Obligations
Total Assets
Debt-to-Assets Ratio = 40,370
92,918
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.43
2.
Explain the quality of the debt-to-assets ratios for both companies.
The quality of the debt-to-assets ratios for both The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo can be assessed based on the calculated values:
The Coca-Cola Company
:
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.48
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.48
PepsiCo:
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.43
Debt-to-Assets Ratio ≈ 0.43
Analysis:
a)
The Coca-Cola Company (Debt-to-Assets Ratio: 0.48):
The debt-to-assets ratio of approximately 0.48 indicates that around 48% of The Coca-
Cola Company's total assets are financed by debt.
This suggests that a significant portion of the company's assets is funded through borrowed capital. A ratio below 1 indicates that the company relies more on equity to finance its assets than on debt.
While the ratio is not excessively high, it's essential to consider industry benchmarks and
the company's specific financial strategy. A higher ratio may indicate higher financial leverage and associated risks.
b)
PepsiCo (Debt-to-Assets Ratio: 0.43):
PepsiCo's debt-to-assets ratio of approximately 0.43 implies that around 43% of its total assets are financed by debt.
Similar to The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo relies more on equity than debt for financing its assets. A ratio below 1 suggests a conservative approach to leverage.
As with any financial metric, the quality of the ratio depends on industry norms, company objectives, and risk tolerance. Comparing this ratio to PepsiCo's historical values and industry benchmarks can provide additional context.
General Interpretation
:
Generally, a lower debt-to-assets ratio is considered favorable as it signifies lower financial risk and a more conservative financial structure.
However, the ideal ratio can vary by industry and business strategy. Some industries naturally carry higher debt levels.
Investors and analysts often consider these ratios alongside other financial metrics and industry benchmarks to get a comprehensive view of a company's financial health and risk profile.
It's important to note that debt ratios alone might not provide a complete picture, and a thorough analysis of a company's overall financial health, cash flow, and profitability is recommended for a comprehensive assessment.
3.
Determine which company is more highly leveraged.
To determine which company is more highly leveraged, we can compare their debt-to-assets ratios. The company with a higher debt-to-assets ratio is considered more leveraged.
Let's compare the debt-to-assets ratios of The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo:
1.
The Coca-Cola Company (Debt-to-Assets Ratio: 0.48)
2.
PepsiCo (Debt-to-Assets Ratio: 0.43)
Comparing the ratios, The Coca-Cola Company has a higher debt-to-assets ratio (0.48) compared
to PepsiCo (0.43). Therefore, based on the debt-to-assets ratio, The Coca-Cola Company is more highly leveraged.
Times-Interest-Earned Ratios
1.
Calculate the times-interest-earned ratios for both companies.
The Coca-Cola Company:
Times-Interest-Earned Ratio = 8,997
1,437
≈
6.26
PepsiCo:
Times-Interest-Earned Ratio = 10,080
1,128
≈
8.94
2.
Explain
the times-interest-earned ratios for both companies. Address the following questions in your response:
A.
Are the times-interest-earned ratios adequate?
1.
The Coca-Cola Company (Times-Interest-Earned Ratio: 6.26):
The times-interest-earned ratio of 6.26 indicates that The Coca-Cola Company’s operating income covers its interest expenses approximately 6.26 times.
Adequacy depends on industry norms and the company’s risk tolerance. In general, a ratio above 1 suggests the ability to cover interest expenses, and 6.26 is considered reasonably adequate.
2.
PepsiCo (Times-Interest-Earned Ratio: 8.94):
PepsiCo’s times-interest-earned ratio of 8.94 suggests that its operating income can cover interest expenses approximately 8.94 times.
This ratio is higher than The Coca-Cola Company’s, indicating a stronger ability to meet interest obligations.
B.
Is the times-interest-earned ratio greater than or less than 2.5? What does that mean for the companies' income?
1.
The Coca-Cola Company (Times-Interest-Earned Ratio: 6.26):
The times-interest-earned ratio for The Coca-Cola company is greater than 2.5.
A ratio above 2.5 generally indicates that the company has a comfortable margin of safety to cover its interest expenses. In this case, with a ratio of 6.26, The Coca-Cola Company has a robust ability to meet its interest obligations.
2.
PepsiCo (Times-Interest-Earned Ration: 8.94):
PepsiCo’s times-interest-earned ration is also greater than 2.5.
With a ratio of 8.94, PepsiCo exhibits a strong ability to cover its interest expenses, indicating a healthy financial position.
C.
Can the company afford the interest expense on a new loan?
1.
The Coca-Cola Company (Times-Interest-Earned Ratio: 6.26):
With a times-interest-earned ratio of 6.26, The Coca-Cola Company demonstrates a strong ability to afford the interest expense on a new loan.
The ratio suggests a substantial margin of safety, indicating that the company’s operating income is more than sufficient to cover both existing and potential future interest expenses.
2.
PepsiCo (Times-Interest-Earned Ratio: 8.94):
PepsiCo, with a times-interest-earned ratio of 8.94, exhibits an even stronger ability to afford the interest expense on a new loan.
The higher ratio implies a significant capacity to take on additional debt without jeopardizing its ability to meet interest obligations.
Both The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, with their strong times-interest-earned ratios, can afford the interest expense on a new loan.
The higher the ratio, the more comfortably the companies can manage additional debt, providing flexibility for strategic financing decisions.
Before taking on new loans, companies typically assess their capital structure, cost of debt, and potential impact on future earnings.
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Consider this simplified balance sheet for Geomorph Trading:
Current assets
Long-term assets
$ 245 Current liabilities
Long-term debt
630
Other liabilities
Equity
$ 875
Required:
a. What is the company's debt-equity ratio? (Hint: debt = Current liabilities, Long-term debt, and Other liabilities)
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
b. What is the ratio of total long-term debt to total long-term capital?
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
c. What is its net working capital?
d. What is its current ratio?
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
$ 170
215
140
350
$ 875
a Debt-equity ratio
b. Long-term debt-to-capital ratio
c. Net working capital
d. Current ratio
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Company A Company B
Yr t+1 Year t Yr t+1 Year t
Current ratio 0.55 0.59 0.56 0.55
Accounts receivable turnover 6.22 6.25 5.06 4.87
Debt to total assets 40.5% 40% 67.8% 65.9%
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Free cash flows (in millions) ($3,819) $3,173 $168 $550
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Ratio
Industry Ratios
GnG Ratios
1. Current Ratio
5.3
7.08
2. Acid Test Ratio
5.1
6.8
3. Gross Profit Ratio
30%
40%
4. Net Income Margin
7.5%
18.2%
5. Receivable Turnover Ratio
9
14.41
6. Return on Asset Ratio
12%
9.29%
7. Debt to Asset Ratio
1:4
1 : 1
Interpretation and verbal analysis compared to industry ratios:
1. Liquidity
2. Profitability
3. Solvency
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Ratio
Industry
GnG Ratios
Ratios
1. Net Income Margin
7.5%
18.2%
2. Receivable Turnover Ratio
9.
14.41
3. Return on Asset Ratio
12%
9.29%
4. Debt to Asset Ratio
1:4
1:1
Interpretation and verbal analysis compared to industry ratios:
1. Liquidity
2. Profitability
3. Solvency
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Consider this simplified balance sheet for Geomorph Trading:
Current assets
Long-term assets
$ 110
510
Net working capital
$ 620
a.
Debt-equity ratio
b Long-term debt-to-capital ratio
C.
d. Current ratio
a. What is the company's debt-equity ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
b. What is the ratio of total long-term debt to total long-term capital? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
c. What is its net working capital?
d. What is its current ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Current liabilities
Long-term debt
Other liabilities
Equity
$ 65
275
80
200
$ 620
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Consider this simplified balance sheet for Geomorph Trading:
Current assets
$ 120
Current liabilities
$ 70
Long-term assets
520
Long-term debt
270
Other liabilities
90
Equity
210
$ 640
$ 640
Required:
What is the company’s debt-equity ratio?
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
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MANCOSA POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN PRORCT MANAGEMENT
QUESTION
REQUIRED
Use the information provided below to calculate the following ratios. Where applicable, und e
answers to two decimal places
111 Gross profe margin
312 Operating profit margin
31.3 invertory turnover period
31.4 Trade recelvatles peried
31.5 Trade payables period
31
316 Current ratio
3.1.7 Acid test ratio
3.18 Return on capital employed
32
Comment on the control ef debtors by Saturn imited
Sugpest TWO 2) ways in which Saturn Limited can improve its operating profit margin.
33
INFORMATION
Excerpts of financial data of Satum Limited for 2019 are as follows:
STATEMENT OF COMPREHINSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019
2600 00
Cost of sales
Gros proft
Operating profit
1400 000
600 000
40 000
S60 00
Interest expense
Proft before tas
Tan N
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER:
2019
2008
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Inventories
Accounts recelvable
780000
500 000
240 000
120 000
45L000
1250 p0
EQUITY AND…
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Industry
Ratios
Ratio
GnG Ratios
1. Current Ratio
5.3
7.08
2. Acid Test Ratio
5.1
6.8
3. Gross Profit Ratio
30%
40%
4. Net Income Margin
7.5%
18.2%
5. Receivable Turnover Ratio
14.41
6. Return on Asset Ratio
12%
9.29%
7. Debt to Asset Ratio
1:4
LA 1
Interpretation and verbal analysis compared to industry ratios:
Liquidity
1.
2.
Profitability
3.
Solvency
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Give typed solution
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STEP 3: Solve
Calculating the four benchmark financial ratios found in Table 15.3, we get the following:
Ratio with
Ratio
Existing Common Stock with Debt
Financing
Ratio
Formula
Ratio
Financing
Debt ratio
Total Liabilities
35.2%
26.4%
51.5%
Total Assets
Interest-bearing
Interest-Bearing Debt
20.1
15.1
40.2
debt ratio
Total Assets
Times interest
Net Operating Income or EBIT
27.08
31.25
11.72
earned
Interest Expense
Depreciation Amortization
6.84
8.20
3.08
EBITDA
Earnings Before
coverage ratio
Interest and Taxes
Expense
Expense
Principal Payments
Interest Expense + (-
1
Tax Rate
STEP 4: Analyze
Whether the entire $10 million is raised by issuing equity or by borrowing has a dramatic effect on the firm's
capital structure. For example, the debt ratio will either drop from 35.2 percent to 26.4 percent if equity is used or
increase to 51.5 percent if debt is used. The interest-bearing debt ratio will change in a similar manner, dropping
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Assume the following relationships for Woody Corp: Sales/Total assets is 1.5x, Return on assets (ROA) is 3.0%, and Return on equity (ROE) is 5.0%. Calculate Woody Corp. profit margin and debt-to-assets ratio assuming the firm uses only debt and common equity.
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Company Comparison
Tesla
GM
Ford
Toyota
Current Ratio
1.24
1.07
1.16
1.04
Total asset
0.77
0.60
0.60
0.59
turnover ratio
Debt ratio
0.80
0.81
1.92
4.83
Gross profit
16.55%
10.18%
13.60%
10.01%
margin
P/E ratio
N/A
8.15
N/A
7.81
The company with the best debt ratio, P/E ratio, and total asset turnover ratio is:
Select one:
O a. GM
O b. Ford
○ c. Toyota
O d. Tesla
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Profit Margin and Debt Ratio
Assume you are given the following relationships for the Haslam Corporation:
Sales/total assets
1.5
Return on assets (ROA)
4%
Return on equity (ROE)
7%
Calculate Haslam's profit margin and liabilities-to-assets ratio. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Profit margin: _______ %
Liabilities-to-assets ratio: ______%
Suppose half of its liabilities are in the form of debt. Calculate the debt-to-assets ratio. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
_______%
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Alpine Chemical Company Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31,
($ in millions)
20X1
20X2
20X3
20X4
20X5
20X6
Assets
Cash
$ 55
$
1,637
2,021
190
$
2,143
1,293
157
249
$
1,394
1,258
3,493
1,322
Accounts receivable
3,451
1,643
2,087
Inventories
945
Other current assets
17
27
55
393
33
171
5,097
6,181
Current assets
3,114
5,038
2,543
2,495
3,986
5,757
3,138
3,865
2,707
5,619
2,841
2,778
5,265
4,650
2,177
2,473
Gross fixed assets
7,187
3,893
3,465
2,716
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Net fixed assets
2,619
3,294
Total assets
$6,338
$5,609
$5,485
$6,605
$7,813
$8,559
Liabilities and net worth
Notes payable
Accounts payable
$1,300
338
$
525
2$
750
$1,750
$1,900
673
638
681
743
978
Accrued liabilities
303
172
359
359
483
761
Current liabilities
1,501
1,985
1,997
1,457…
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Current assets
$ 350
Current liabilities
$ 310
Long-term assets
700
Long-term debt
180
Other liabilities
70
Equity
490
$ 1,050
$ 1,050
Required:
What is the company’s debt-equity ratio?
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
What is the ratio of total long-term debt to total long-term capital?
Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
What is its net working capital?
What is its current ratio?
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QUESTION 6
Utilizing the information from the previous question please match the following:
Liquidity ratios: (1) current ratio
Liquidity ratios: (2) quick ratio
Solvency ratios: (3) debt ratio
Solvency ratios: (4) times interest earned
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C
$
4
Terminology Matching
Profitability Ratios
Rationalization
Return on Assets Ratio
Return on Common Stockholders' Equity Ratio
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Solvency Ratios
Sustainable Income
The Human Element
Times Interest Earned
Vertical Analysis
%
si se
6
&
7
*
00
8
A measure of company's solvency and ability to meet interest payments
as they come due; calculated as the sum of net income, interest
expenses and income tax expense divided by interest expense
This is a profitability measure that indicates the amount of net income
generated by each dollar of assets. It is computed as net income
divided hv average total assets
A technique for evaluating financial statement data that expresses each
item in a financial statement as a percentage of a base amount
Fatigue, carelessness, indifference, collusion
Measures of the ability of a company to survive over a long period of
time
A measure of the dollars of net income earned for each dollar invested
by the owners; computed as income available…
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2015-2019 (in millions, except per share data)
Income Statement Data:
Revenues:
Automotive sales
Automotive leasing
Total automotive revenues
Energy generation and storage.
Services and other
Total revenues
Cost of revenues:
Automotive sales
Automotive leasing
Total automotive cost of revenues
Energy generation and storage
Services and other
Total cost of revenues.
Gross profit (loss)
Operating expenses:
Research and development
Selling, general and administrative
Restructuring and other
Total operating expenses.
Loss from operations
Interest income
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Loss before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
2015
2 $3.432
309
3,741
14
291
4,046
Net loss
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
and subsidiaries
2,640
183
2,823
12
287
3,123
924
7.189
922
1,640
(717)
2
(119)
(42)
(876)
13
$ (889)
Years Ended December 31
2016
$5,589 $ 8,535
762
1.107
9,642
1.116
6,351…
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Aman Ltd
Roger Ltd
Current Ratio
2:01
1.60:1
Quick Ratio
1.35:1
1:01
Return on Investment
15%
13%
Debt Equity Ratio
2.5:1
1:01
a) Define the concepts of Current and Quick ratio’s and also, reflect on your understandingtowards the financial performance of the companies by looking to the above information?
b) Define the terms- Return on Investment and Debt equity ratio and also, reflect on your understanding towards the financial performance of the companies?
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Complete a and b thank you
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1. Which of the following companies is in better position to pay its short-term debt? *
a. Company A
b. Company B
c. Company C
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The following information is given with respect to the ratio of two companies
Aman LTD Roger LTD
Current Ratio
2:01
1.60:1
Quick Ratio
1.35:1
1:01
Returns On investment
15%
13%
Debt Equity Ratio
2:5:1
1:01
Define the concepts of Current and Quick ratio’s and also, reflect on your understanding towards the financial performance of the companies by looking to the above information?
3 b. Define the terms- Return on Investment and Debt equity ratio and also, reflect on your understanding towards the financial performance of the companies?
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- Industry Ratios Ratio GnG Ratios 1. Current Ratio 5.3 7.08 2. Acid Test Ratio 5.1 6.8 3. Gross Profit Ratio 30% 40% 4. Net Income Margin 7.5% 18.2% 5. Receivable Turnover Ratio 14.41 6. Return on Asset Ratio 12% 9.29% 7. Debt to Asset Ratio 1:4 LA 1 Interpretation and verbal analysis compared to industry ratios: Liquidity 1. 2. Profitability 3. Solvencyarrow_forwardFinancial Accounting Question Solve Pleasearrow_forwardNeed help with this question solution general accountingarrow_forward
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