ThomasMartin_LAB8

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National College, Princeton *

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201

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Aerospace Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Name: Thomas Martin E-mail address: tmarti65@vols.utk.edu Laboratory 8 Report Insert your table into your log. Answer the following question. density pipe diamet er (m) flow speed (m/s) pressure (kPa) flow rate Q = vA m 3 /s) case 1 water 3 1.6 129.32 11.31 case 2 water 4.1 0.7 140.03 9.247 case 3 water 5 0.4 140.2 7.852 case 4 gasolin e 5 0.4 128.5 7.852 Honey 5 0.4 156.52 7.852 ● Do your measurements yield the same volume flow rate for all cases? ○ No they do not, the flow rate was different among all cases except for the cases in which only the fluid density was changed. In those the flow rate remained the same ● For a given flow rate, how does the flow speed change as the pipe diameter changes? ○ The flow speed will increase whenever the pipe diameter is decreased ● For a given flow rate, how does the pressure at the bottom of the pipe change as the pipe diameter changes? ○ As long as those are the only 2 properties being taken into account the pressure at the bottom of the pipe will remain constant no matter the changes that are imparted onto the pipes diameter

● For a given flow rate and pipe diameter, how does the pressure change as the fluid density changes? ○ As the fluid density increases we can expect the pressure in the pipe to increase as well, and I saw this in my results. ● Describe the profile of the flow. Is it the same for all cases? ○ For many of the cases they are all laminar flow profiles as the particles go from their starting position entering their pipe and would end their travel at the same corresponding position at the second pipe, this is unless friction is added to the simulation, in which case the flow profile becomes more turbulent. Insert your table into your log. Answer the following question. density pipe diamet er (m) flow speed (m/s) pressure (kPa) flow rate Q = vA (m 3 /s) locatio n 1 water 4 0.4 140.06 5.028 locatio n 2 water 2 1.6 129.29 5.004 ● Did you verify the equation of continuity? ○ Yes and since the pressure and density of the fluid remains constant throughout the flow the equation is verified I believe. ● At which location do you measure the higher pressure? What is the pressure difference in kPa? ○ The highest pressure is measured at point 1, or the point at the middle of the pipe in my case. The difference in pressure was 10.77kpa or 10770pa ● What is the speed of the liquid in the middle of the pipe in m/s? ○ In the center of the pipe the speed is nearly double at 1.2 m/s ● Describe the profile of the flow. Compare it to the profile without friction.

○ The flow profile would be laminar as the particles moving through the flow the quickest are at the center of the pipe. Without friction we revert to a flow pattern where the particles move evenly and together across the pipe with equal speed throughout. ● Comment on the effects of friction (viscosity). ○ Friction slows the flow of the particles and the fluid near the borders of the pipe as well as where water is built up and resists the original flow. ● Keeping everything else the same, does the flow speed of the water depend upon the height of water level in the tank? ○ Yes the height of the water level in the tank is what determines the flow speed of the water exiting the tank ● Keeping everything else the same, does the speed of the flow of the water depend upon the height of the tank? ○ No it does not only the amount of water in the tank affects the flow speed of the water leaving it. Justify your answer by giving the numbers for the flow speed for two different water levels. ● At the maximum height of 18m the flow speed is 14.1 m/s and on the floor or the lowest point the flow speed remains 14.1 m/s ○ However as you follow the water leaving the tank, the higher it is the faster its final flow is whenever it reaches the ground. ● Does the speed of the flow depend upon the fluid density? ○ No it does not affect the flow. ● Justify your answer by describing how you checked this? ○ I checked this by leaving all other variables constant and only changing the density of the fluid ● What happens to the stream of fluid after it leaves the tank? ○ It continues to accelerate as it travels through the air towards the ground. ● How far (horizontally) will a stream of water travel if it exits the water tower at 14 m/s, 10 m above the ground? ○ It travels roughly 21.7 , (Click "Match Release", open the hole in the bottom of the

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