Lab_Report_2_(Submit_Final).docx

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds TABLE 1: CRANIAL AND FACIAL BONES 1. Fill out Table 1 below by identifying the cranial and facial bones and indicating if each is paired or not. You should reference the course supplemental materials on moodle when completing this activity. Table 1. Skull Bones Skull Region Bone Paired (Yes or No) Cranial Bones Frontal bone No Occipital bone No Sphenoid bone No Ethmoid bone No Paired temporal bones Yes Paired parietal bones Yes Facial Bones Paired zygomatic bones Yes Paired lacrimal bones Yes Paired nasal bones Yes Paired inferior nasal conchae Yes Paired palatine bones Yes Paired maxillae Yes Vomer No Mandible No

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds 2. Take images of the skull model at your station for each of the following views: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior and lateral. Create a document and/or slideshow identifying the visible bones on each view. Label the bones on each image and indicate if the bone is classified as cranial or facial (i.e. color code or add key). You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. 3. Some bones of the skull are joined by specialized immovable joints called sutures. Many of these sutures can be identified on the figures below and the skull models provided. The lambdoid suture is unique in that may have smaller, sutural bones associated with it. The pterion can be seen from the lateral view only. This is where several sutures merge together along four articulating bones (sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and frontal). Identify the sutures, sutural bones, and pterion on the labeled images below using the Word Bank provided. Take an image of the provided skull model from the lateral, superior, and posterior views. Create a document and/or slideshow identifying the visible sutures/structures from the Word Bank below on each image. You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. Word Bank: coronal suture D lambdoid suture A pterion E sagittal suture F sutural bone B squamous suture C

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds TABLE 2: CRANIAL FOSSA 1. The interior floor of the cranial cavity has three distinct curved depressions which accommodate for the brain regions and are referred to as cranial fossae. Label each of the three cranial fossa regions as anterior, middle, or posterior on the figure below and identify each outlined bone shown.

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds 3. There are also several prominent bone features visible from this interior view of the cranial base. Identify each feature from the word bank on the figure below. Additionally, take an image of the provided skull model and label the listed structures from the Word Bank below on this image. You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. Word Bank: Anterior clinoid process Basilar part Cribriform plate Crista galli Frontal crest Greater wing Groove for transverse sinus Internal occipital crest Internal occipital protuberance Lesser wing Posterior clinoid process Sella turcica

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds 2. There are multiple bone openings/channels visible from the inferior view of the skull. Identify these openings on the figure below using the Word Bank provided. Additionally, take an image of the provided skull model (inferior view) and label these opening on the image. You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. Word Bank: Carotid canal Foramen lacerum Foramen magnum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Hypoglossal canal Incisive foramen Jugular foramen Palatine foramina Stylomastoid foramen

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds 4. There are four sinus cavities you are responsible to know; frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary. The figure below shows these cavities from a coronal sectional plane and a midsagittal plane. Identify these four sinus cavities labeled A, B, C, and D on these images. Additionally, view the midsagittal section skull model. Take a picture of this model and label word bank items on this image. These are the structures you are responsible for on this model. You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. Word Bank – Midsagittal View Skull Model (Add to image) Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinus Crista galli (ethmoid bone) Superior nasal concha (ethmoid bone) Middle nasal concha (ethmoid bone) Inferior nasal concha Medial Pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) Lateral Pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) Horizontal plate (palatine bone)

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds TABLE 4: EXPLODED SKULL 1. This exploded skull model allows you to better define the limits of each bone, visualize how the bones articulate with each other and allows you an uninterrupted view of the bone features. An articulated skull has also been placed on your table in order to allow you to compare these models. You are responsible for identifying the bones and bone features listed below on BOTH the exploded skull model and articulated skull model. Take appropriate images of these models (ensuring you include views to see all features) and label the listed structures on these images. Additionally, you are responsible for identifying the bone features on the figures below for each individual disarticulated skull bone listed. Take appropriate images of the disarticulated bone models at your station and label the listed structures on each image. You may add your images to this document OR you may add a separate image document or slideshow to your submission. Ethmoid (1; cranial) Palatine (2; facial) ∙ Cribiform plate ∙ Greater palatine foramen ∙ Crista galli Parietal (2; cranial) ∙ Middle nasal concha Sphenoid (1; cranial) ∙ Perpendicular plate ∙ Anterior clinoid process ∙ Superior nasal concha ∙ Foramen ovale Inferior nasal concha (2; facial) ∙ Foramen spinosum Frontal (1; cranial) ∙ Greater wing ∙ Glabella ∙ Hypophyseal fossa ∙ Superciliary arch ∙ Inferior orbital fissure* ∙ Supraorbital foramen (notch) ∙ Lateral pterygoid plate ∙ Supraorbital margin ∙ Lesser wing Lacrimal (2; facial) ∙ Medial pterygoid plate ∙ Lacrimal fossa ∙ Optic canal Mandible (1; facial) ∙ Optic groove ∙ Alveolar process ∙ Posterior clinoid process ∙ Angle of mandible ∙ Sella turcica ∙ Body ∙ Superior orbital fissure ∙ Condylar process Temporal (2; cranial) ∙ Coronoid process ∙ Carotid canal ∙ Mandibular foramen ∙ External acoustic meatus

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds ∙ Mandibular notch ∙ Foramen lacerum* ∙ Mental foramen ∙ Internal acoustic meatus ∙ Mental protuberance ∙ Jugular foramen* ∙ Ramus ∙ Mandibular fossa Maxilla (2; facial) ∙ Mastoid process ∙ Alveolar process ∙ Styloid process ∙ Anterior nasal spine ∙ Stylomastoid foramen ∙ Incisive foramen ∙ Zygomatic process ∙ Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic (2; facial) ∙ Zygomatic process ∙ Frontal process Nasal (2; facial) ∙ Maxillary process Occipital (1; cranial) ∙ Zygomatic process ∙ Basilar part ∙ External occipital crest ∙ External occipital protuberance ∙ Foramen magnum * Denotes that a structure/opening is ∙ Hypoglossal canal located between two or more bones ∙ Inferior nuchal line and therefore only visible on ∙ Internal occipital crest the articulated skull model ∙ Internal occipital protuberance ∙ Occipital condyle ∙ Superior nuchal line

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds

Abbie Wright, Amy Yang, Corrina Henderson, Em Wilds