Semester_One_Final_Examination_2023_BIOL1020

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Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 1 of 19 Venue Seat Number Student Number | | | | | | | | | Family Name This exam paper must not be removed from the venue First Name School of Biological Sciences Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Genes, Cells and Evolution This paper is for St Lucia Campus students. Examination Duration: 90 minutes Planning Time: 10 minutes Exam Conditions: • This is a Closed Book examination - specified written materials permitted • Casio FX82 series or UQ approved and labelled calculator only • During Planning Time - Students are encouraged to review and plan responses to the exam questions • This examination paper will be released to the Library Materials Permitted in the Exam Venue: (No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones) One A4 sheet of handwritten notes double sided is permitted Unmarked Bilingual dictionary is permitted Materials to be supplied to Students: Additional exam materials (e.g. answer booklets, rough paper) will be provided upon request. 1 x Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Instructions to Students: If you believe there is missing or incorrect information impacting your ability to answer any question, please state this when writing your answer. Section A – Answer the questions on the Multiple Choice Answer sheet provided. Each question is worth 1 mark. Section B - Short answer Questions – answer questions on the exam paper in the spaces provided. For Examiner Use Only Question Mark Total

Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 2 of 19 Section A – Answer the questions on the Multiple Choice Answer sheet provided. There are 30 multiple choice questions. Each question is worth 1 mark. 1. Which of the following statements about glucose is CORRECT? A) Polymers made up of alpha-glucose monomers can stack on top of each other more tightly than polymers made up of beta-glucose monomers B) Starch is made up of glucose monomers connected to each other using both (1,4) and (1,6) glycosidic linkages C) Within cells glucose is primarily found in its linearised conformation D) Glucose is synthesised by cells through the process of respiration E) Unlike sucrose, lactose, and maltose, glucose is a disaccharide 2. Which of the following statements about phospholipids is CORRECT? A) Phospholipids are an example of saturated fat B) Phospholipids are primarily used as a fat-storage compound within cells C) Phospholipids are comprised of a phosphocholine containing headgroup attached to hydrophobic fatty acid tails D) The amphipathic nature of phospholipids means it is unable to allow small hydrophobic molecules through the cell membrane E) Phospholipids are not found in adipocytes (fat-storing cells) 3. Which of the following statements about the Meselson-Stahl experiment is TRUE? A) It proved that the conservative model of DNA replication is less accurate than the dispersive model B) It confirmed the idea that there is an original DNA molecule in each cell that serves as the genetic blueprint for every instance of DNA replication C) It created two distinct populations of DNA by growing bacteria grown in a heavier nitrogen isotope ( 15 N) versus a lighter nitrogen isotope ( 14 N) D) It disproved the semiconservative model of DNA replication based upon its double helix structure E) It was the first study to use centrifugation in biological experiments

Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 3 of 19 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Mitochondria are closely related to aerobic respiring Proteobacteria B) Chloroplasts are closely related to photosynthetic Archaea C) The structural similarity between the membrane folds present in mitochondria and specific bacteria is the strongest evidence available that supports the endosymbiont hypothesis D) The thylakoid stacks within mitochondria are a byproduct of the budding off from the cell membrane as outlined in the endosymbiont hypothesis E) While chloroplasts contain their own enzymes and DNA, they do not possess their own ribosomes and therefore lack the ability to their genes into protein. 5. Which of the following statements about ATP is CORRECT? A) ATP stores energy and electrons for anabolic reactions B) ATP is mostly synthesised during glycolysis and consumed in the citric acid cycle C) The hydrolysis of ATP facilitates endergonic reactions D) ATP is a building block of DNA E) The change in Gibbs free energy when ATP is hydrolysed is 7.3 kcal/mol 6 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) ATP pumps protons across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. B) The transfer of electrons from NADH via four membrane protein complexes leads to a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. C) The increased proton concentration in the intermembrane space in a mitochondrion provides potential energy for the production of ATP. D) One molecule of NADH can deliver two electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. E) Only ~34% of the energy stored in a glucose molecule is retained in the ATP that is generated from its catabolism. 7. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Centrosomes are anchor points for microtubules and are essential to form the mitotic spindle. B) The contraction of the kinetochore microtubules leads to the separation of the sister chromatids during anaphase. C) In the prophase chromatin condenses into X-shaped chromosomes. D) In the eukaryotic cell cycle the cell spends much more time in the interphase than in the mitotic phase. E) In telophase two nuclear envelopes are fully formed and the cell splits in two via cytokinesis.

Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 4 of 19 8. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) promotes the metaphase during cell division. B) Cyclin is an enzyme that phosphorylates CDK. C) CDK is inactive unless it forms a complex with cyclin. D) p53 is a protein that promotes the transcription of cyclin. E) Every mutation in a gene leads to cancer. 9. Which of the following statements BEST DESCRIBE the Anaphase during Mitosis? A) The sister chromatids are aligned in the middle of the cell. B) The nucleus starts to disintegrate. C) The sister chromatids are separated. D) The asters migrate to opposite poles of the dividing cell. E) Cytokinesis is being initiated. 10. Which of the following statements BEST DESCRIBE the main findings of the Okazaki experiment? A) Each new double helix of DNA consists of 1 old and 1 new strand B) DNA can be separated based upon their size and weight C) Because DNA polymerases can only copy DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction, small fragments of DNA will be generated that need to be ligated back together D) The semiconservative model of DNA replication is more accurate than the conservative and dispersive models of DNA replication E) DNA replication is discontinuous across both DNA strands being synthesized 11. Which of the following together with DNA makes up a nucleosome? A) Histidine B) Histone C) Cystine D) Chromosomes E) Chromatin 12. An unfertilized egg contains many mRNAs that should not be translated until fertilization occurs. Which of these regulatory strategies is most likely to control this process? A) histone methylation B) alternative splicing C) mRNA degradation D) blocking translation initiation E) histone acetylation

Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 5 of 19 13. What is the function of the sigma factor in bacterial transcription? A) To enable specific binding of DNA polymerase to RNA B) To enable specific binding of promoters to operons C) To enable specific positioning of RNA polymerase to promoters D) To enable specific binding of RNA to DNA E) To prevent the binding of the polymerase to the promoter 14. In the pea seed shape character, the round seed trait is dominant to that of the wrinkled seed trait. If a round seeded plant is crossed with a plant with wrinkled seeds, the progeny will have: A) round seeds only B) wrinkled seeds only C) round seeds and wrinkled seeds in a 3:1 ratio D) round seeds and wrinkled seeds in a 1:1 ratio E) A and D are each possible 15. Which answer correctly describes the ordered steps of PCR? A) Primers hybridise to the DNA, the DNA separates, DNA polymerase elongates the new sequence by incorporating nucleotides, and the process begins again B) Following primer binding, the process begins again with DNA strand separation and elongation of the new sequence by polymerase C) The polymerase binds to the DNA, allowing the primers to incorporate nucleotides to elongate the new DNA sequence, followed by separation of the double-stranded DNA and the re-initiation of the process D) The process begins with double-stranded DNA separating, followed by primer binding, with DNA polymerase completing the cycle by incorporating nucleotides to synthesise a new DNA strand E) Primers bind to the DNA, the DNA polymerase elongates the new sequence by incorporating nucleotides, and the DNA strands separate 16. Which is true of archaea and bacteria? A) They are classified in the same domain. B) Neither bacteria nor archaea are related to eukaryotes. C) They are equally related to eukaryotes. D) They are classified in two separate domains. E) Only archaea are related to eukaryotes.

Semester One Examinations, 2023 BIOL1020 Page 6 of 19 17. Which of the following statements about translation is/are UNTRUE. A) AUG is the start codon, so cannot exist within an open reading frame. B) Stop codons may exist upstream of an open reading frame in the 5’ untranslated region of the mRNA. C) Introns disrupt open reading frames of eukaryotic genes. D) If two open reading frames are fused with the AUG of the second open reading frame replacing the stop codon of the first open reading frame, protein synthesis will continue past the end of the first open reading frame, resulting in a single protein that is a fusion of the two original proteins. E) Two of the above are untrue. 18. Why do RNA viruses need to supply some of their own enzymes for replication? A) Viruses need the enzymes to enter the cell B) Host cells degrade their own enzymes when viruses enter the cell C) Host cells may lack the polymerase the viruses need to replicate their genomes D) Viruses lack the lipids they need to make envelopes E) Viruses need the enzymes in order to metabolize host cell products 19. If the coding strand of DNA has the sequence 5’-CGAGACTTCTGA-3’, what will the sequence of the transcribed RNA be? A) 5’-CGUGUCTTCTGU-3’ B) 5’-CGAGACUUCUGA-3’ C) 3’-GCTCTGAAGACT-5’ D) 3’-GCUCUGAAGACU-5’ E) 5’-CGAGACTTCTGA-3’ 20. How is DNA arranged in a eukaryotic cell during the G1 phase of interphase? A) in pairs of sister chromatids B) in plasmids C) by microtubule length D) in chromatin fibers E) in condensed chromosomes 21. Sex is inherited as a Mendelian character in mammals. Which of the following sex ratio do you predict: A) 1:2 ratio B) 1:3 ratio C) 2:3 ratio D) 1:1 ratio E) 1:6 ratio

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