Introduction Anatomy - Worksheet-1

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Central Washington University *

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Biology

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May 21, 2024

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Worksheet One Introduction Gross Human Anatomy Name Kaelin Hazen_________________________ Address each question. Please type your response immediately below each question. 1. Define anatomy and physiology. Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of function or how the human body works. 2. Describe the structural organization of the human body (from smallest to largest)? The structural organization of the human body from smallest to largest is elements, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organismal. 3. What are the four primary elements that make up the body (>99%)? Can you think of additional elements found in the human body, name such elements? The four primary elements that make up the human body are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Some additional elements found in the human body are phosphorus and calcium. 4. Distinguish between regional and systemic study of anatomy. Regional anatomy is the study of all structures based on the organization of the body into parts while systemic anatomy is the anatomical study organized by organ systems that work together for a common purpose. 5. Name the different regions of the body that will be studied this term. The different regions of the body that will be studied this term are head and neck, back and spinal cord, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper and lower limbs. 6. What is an organ system? Describe four organ systems as examples.

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism’s body. Four examples of organ systems are the digestion system, the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, and the endocrine system. 7. What are the four primary tissue types in the body and what are their functions. What is the definition of a tissue. The four primary tissues types in the body are muscle, connective, epithelial, and nervous. The definition of a tissue is any distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made of, consisting of specialized cells and their products. The functions of muscle tissue are to support the weight of your body and help you move. The function of connective tissue is supporting organs and cells, transporting nutrients and wastes, storing fat, and bind structures together to form a framework for organs and the whole body. The functions of epithelial tissue are protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception. The purpose of nervous tissue is coordinating and controlling many body activities. 8. What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is staying in a stable equilibrium state. 9. Label the following Cavities: Provide answers in box below.

10. What are distinguishing characteristics of a living organism? List the characteristics and briefly define each. The distinguishing characteristics of a living organisms are metabolism, movement, digestion, differentiation, boundaries, irritability, reproduction, growth, and excretion. Metabolism is chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy. Movement is changing your physical location. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into substances that can be used by the body. Differentiation is a unspecialized cell becoming specialized in it’s functions. Boundaries are internal and external boundaries such as skin and cell membranes. Irritability is the ability to detect, process and respond to a stimuli. Reproduction is the joining of a sperm and egg, A _Cranial Cavity___________________ F __Pelvic Cavity_________________ B __Spinal Cavity__________________ G ___Mediastinum________________ C _Thoracic Cavity___________________ H __Pleural cavity_________________ D _Abdominopelvic Cavity___________________ E _Abdominal cavity___________________

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