chapter 44 Review Questions

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1. Review Questions - Chapter 44 1. 1. ID: 25066831082 Which term is used to identify a bone fracture that consists of two or more pieces? A. Complete B. Open C. Comminuted Correct D. Oblique A comminuted fracture is one in which the bone breaks into two or more fragments. An oblique fracture is one in which the break is slanted in relation to the shaft of the bone. An open fracture is when the skin is broken. A complete fracture is one in which the bone is broken all the way through. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2. ID: 25066831087 What type of fracture occurs when the cortex is perforated and the spongy bone is splintered? A. Greenstick Correct B. Torus C. Bowing D. Spiral A greenstick fracture is one that perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone. In a torus fracture, the cortex buckles but does not break. Bowing fractures usually occur with longitudinal force; typically, this type of fracture occurs in paired bones—one is fractured and the other bows. A spiral fracture is one that encircles the bone. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3. 3. ID: 25066831092 What is the appropriate term for the failure of the bone ends to grow together? A. Nonunion Correct B. Delayed union C. Malunion D. Dislocation Nonunion is when bone ends do not grow together. A delayed union is the healing of bone that takes 8–9 months. A malunion is the healing of a bone in a nonanatomic position. A dislocation is the temporary displacement of bone from its normal position in a joint. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4. ID: 25066831097
Which term describes the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position? A. Fracture B. Dislocation Correct C. Subluxation D. Nonunion Dislocation is the temporary displacement of the bone from its normal position. If the contact is only partially lost between the two surfaces, then the displacement is called a subluxation. A fracture is a complete break in the bone, and nonunion is the failure of bone ends to grow together after a fracture. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 5. 5. ID: 25066831302 What term is used to identify a ligament tear? A. Sprain Correct B. Strain C. Subluxation D. Avulsion Sprains involve tears of the ligaments; strains are tears in tendons. If the contact between the two joint surfaces is only partially lost, then the injury is called a subluxation. A complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment site is known as an avulsion. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 6. 6. ID: 25066831307 Which inflammatory response is not associated with repetitive stress? A. Tendinosis B. Tendinitis C. Bursitis D. Dislocation Correct Tendinosis, tendinitis, and bursitis are inflammatory responses that may be seen after trauma and repetitive stress. They cause degradation of collagen fibers (tendinosis), inflammation of tendons (tendinitis), and inflammation of the bursal sacs (bursitis). Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 7. 7. ID: 25066831312 A person is experiencing inadequate and delayed mineralization of osteoid in mature compact bone. This description supports which diagnosis? A. Osteomalacia Correct B. Osteoporosis C. Paget disease D. Osteomyelitis
Osteomalacia is inadequate and delayed mineralization in mature compact bone. Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone tissue is normally mineralized but the mass density of the bone is decreased. Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. Paget disease is a state of increased metabolic activity in bone characterized by abnormal and excessive bone remodeling. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 8. 8. ID: 25066831317 Paget disease exhibits which clinical manifestation? A. Increased lacrimation B. Increased sympathetic nervous system discharge C. Decreased density of the skull bones D. Cranial nerve dysfunction with impaired motor function may occur Correct In Paget disease of the skull, bone remodeling occurs and is first evident in the frontal and occipital regions. The skull thickens. Cranial nerve dysfunction with impaired motor function may be evident. Deafness, atrophy of the optic nerve, and obstruction of the lacrimal duct may occur. The sympathetic nervous system is not directly affected. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 9. 9. ID: 25066831322 Which organism is the most common cause of hematogenous osteomyelitis? A. Haemophilus influenzae B. Staphylococcus aureus Correct C. Group B streptococci D. Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) is the primary cause of hematogenous osteomyelitis. Other microorganisms include group B streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella, and gram-negative bacteria. Group B streptococci and H. influenzae tend to infect young children; Salmonella infection is associated with sickle cell anemia; and gram-negative infections are most common in older adults and individuals with impaired immunity. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 10.10. ID: 25066831327 Which bone tumor is the most aggressive and demonstrates a moth- eaten pattern of bone destruction? A. Osteosarcoma Correct B. Chondrosarcoma C. Endochondroma
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