ANP01 - Case Study

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American Academy of Personal Training *

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ANP01

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26) ANATOMY AND PROGRAMMING (ANP01) Student details Student name Student Email address @outlook.com Cluster Code and Title ANP01 Anatomy and Programming Purpose of Assessment The purpose of this assessment task is to assess your knowledge of Anatomy and Programming. Instructions for the Student Read through the following case studies and reflect on your learning and your own research within this cluster. Prepare a response that responds to each of the issues presented below. Your responses must reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.  This is an individual assessment  To ensure your responses are satisfactory, you should consult a range of learning resources and other information such as handouts, textbooks, credible internet sources, etc.  You are required to answer the questions based on given scenarios  The student must be concise, to the point and write answers according to the given word limit to each question and not provide irrelevant information  You must write your responses in your own words  You will be required to complete all parts of this assessment task Assessment Conditions  This assessment is untimed  You may refer to your learning materials during this assessment  You must read and respond to all questions  Answers must be typed and submitted through My eCampus for assessing  You must complete the task independently  No marks or grades are allocated for this assessment task. The outcome of the task will be Satisfactory or Not Satisfactory © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 1

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26)  As you complete this assessment task, you are predominately demonstrating your written skills and knowledge to your trainer/assessor Please note: A qualified trainer and assessor will review and assess all the submitted comments, observation checklists, and assessment evidence to determine the students' competence and abilities against the unit of competency requirements. A trainer and assessor will ensure each assessment has been sufficiently completed and determine the final assessment outcome. QUESTIONS Question 1.1 Explain how a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology will help you achieve the following fitness instructor duties. Fitness Instructor Duty How knowledge of anatomy and physiology will assist you Interpret pre- exercise screening information a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology will help as it is needed to properly understand previous injuries/ medical conditions, medications being taken, the clients fitness goals etc and how these may cause issues or increase risk of injury when planning an exercise program. Develop exercise programs suitable for different ages, gender, or fitness levels Anatomy and physiology will assist with the creation of exercise programs for all varieties of people as there are many factors that can affect the outcome of each exercise. Each person may need different regimes dependent on their characteristics, as age, gender and fitness levels can change how effective a workout is. The exercise program must be tailored to the individual and their goals so it is essential to have the knowledge to give an affective program. Provide instructions about exercise technique You will need appropriate knowledge to accurately provide instructions about exercise technique to ensure the correct muscles are being targeted and the injuries that can occur/ the precautions to avoid injuries. Explain to clients the purpose of chosen exercises Anatomy knowledge will benefit as it helps explain to the clients the purpose of chosen exercises by explaining which muscles are targeted and how they will affect the clients goals. Question 1.2 Complete the following tables to describe the muscle roles, joint movements, and plane of movement during the squat and shoulder press. Squat Muscle Role during the Squat (prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator) Abdominals Fixator Hip Flexors Antagonist Quadriceps Prime mover © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 2

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26) Gluteus Maximus Synergist Joint Concentric (lifting/shortening phase) Eccentric (lowering/lengthening phase) Ankle Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion Knee Knee extension Knee flexion Hip Hip extension Hip flexion Plane of Movement (sagittal, frontal/coronal, or horizontal/transverse) Sagittal Shoulder Press Muscle Role during the Shoulder Press (prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator) Rotator Cuff Fixator Latissimus Dorsi Antagonist Triceps Brachii Synergist Deltoid Prime mover Joint Concentric (lifting/shortening phase) Eccentric (lowering/lengthening phase) Shoulder Shoulder abduction Shoulder adduction Elbow Elbow extension Elbow flexion Plane of Movement (sagittal, frontal/coronal, or horizontal/transverse) Frontal Question 1.3 The body undergoes responses to help keep up with increased demand during exercise. The body also undergoes various changes from exercise over a long period of time. Provide one expected short term (during exercise) and long term response to exercise across the below body systems/components. For each body system/component, identify any variances between males and females. Body System/Component Short-Term Response Long-Term Response Neuromuscular & Muscular Systems Increase oxygen to the muscles, muscular fibre recruitment, increased muscle flexibility, increased muscle stimulation and rate of force development. Increased mitochondria and neuromuscular efficiency (Improved movement efficiency, strength and power). Increased coordination and symmetry of the muscles. Increased coordination/recruitment of motor units (Faster reaction time) Increased © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 3

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26) activation of the muscles (more power + boosts strength). More efficient nerve transmissions. Variances between males and females Lean muscle mass, muscle strength and Power is higher in males. Female muscles are more resistant to fatigue and generally recover faster. Blood Pressure Can reduce for 24-48 hours Reduces, more efficient blood circulation. Variances between males and females Blood pressure is usually higher in males. Cardiovascular System and Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) Typically no measurable changes in CRF. Increased heart rate and stroke volume Increased CRF. Lower resting/ exercise heart rate. Variances between males and females Males tend to have a higher CRF due to higher levels of red blood cells. Skeletal System (Bones and Joints) Ease joint stiffness, increased circulation for nutrient delivery to joints, increased loading on bones and joints, increased synovial fluid production and increased joint stability and reduced stiffness. Increased joint lubrication, improved bone strength, increased bone density, joint stability and joint flexibility. Variances between males and females The maturation of the skeletal system is around 18 yrs for males and 21 yrs for females. Due to males generally being taller their bones are longer and they have larger skulls. The bone mass and bone density in generally higher in males and women have wider pelvises. Question 1.4 Complete the table below about cardiovascular circulation and responses. a. Describe the flow of blood in each circulation pathway. b. Outline the three main roles of the blood in the body. c. Describe the effect of exercise intensity on breathing rate and heart rate. a. Circulation Pathways Circulation Pathway Description of Blood Flow in Pathway Pulmonary Circulation The blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Systemic Circulation Blood is transported from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body. b. Roles of Blood - Outline the three main roles of the blood in the body. © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 4

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26) Transport oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells and tissues. Remove waste products. Provide defence against bacteria and foreign substances. c. Relationship of Exercise Intensity to Breathing Rate and Heart Rate Description of How Exercise Intensity Affects Each Breathing Rate Increases to supply working muscles with oxygen Heart Rate Increases to allow faster transportation of oxygenated blood Question 1.5 a. Describe the structure and function of the muscle system, types of muscle tissue and classifications and when applicable, state whether there are any variances between males and females – if there are none, please state this. Structure and function The muscular systems function is to provide support, maintain overall structure and allow for movement. Types of muscle tissue and classifications, e.g., voluntary/involuntary, striped/striated, etc. There are three types of muscles ad they include the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. The skeletal muscles are considered voluntary muscles and appear too be striped/ striated. The cardiac muscles are considered involuntary and are also striped/striated. The smooth muscles are involuntary and not striped/ striated. b. Describe the function of the two muscle proprioceptors below. Muscle Spindle When muscle is stretched so are the muscle spindles. Muscle spindle is primarily there to protect muscles against damage from overstretching. Tendon Stretch Organ (GTO) Can sense how much tension is exerted from the muscle and if there is too much tension it won’t allow the muscle to create more force and will protect you from injuries. c. Describe the structure and overall function of the skeletal system, name the major bones, joints, and joint structures and provide bony landmarks. Structure and function The main support system of the body is the skeletal system, it helps with movement by allowing muscles to attach, protecting the internal organs, producing red and white blood cells within bone marrow and storing minerals and fat within the yellow marrow. Major Bones & Bony Landmarks There are five types of bones in the body, these include; long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones. The bony landmarks can include articulations, head, facet, condyle, projections, protuberance, process, spine, tubercle, tuberosity, line, crest, holes, fossa, foramen and sinus. Major Joints and Joint Structures The joints in the body can be divided into fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Fibrous joints include sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses. Cartilaginous joints include synchondrosis and symphysis. The synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, gliding or plane and the ball and socket joint. The joint structures are composed of capsule, cartilage and synovial fluid. © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 5

ANP01 - Anatomy and Programming (SISFFIT040, SISFFIT047) Case Study v2.1 (2023/05/26) Question 1.6 As we age, the muscular and skeletal systems undergo changes. In the table below, identify how the following systems change with aging including any differences between males and females. Muscular System For both male and females muscle mass reduces with age and the lost fibres are replaced with fat tissues, the muscles lose their flexibility/ ability to contract and muscle strength and power decreases. Meanwhile, only males muscle growth becomes reduced while their testosterone decreases. Females have a faster decrease in muscle mass then males and have a decrease in muscle strength sooner then them. Skeletal System Shared changes can include bones becoming brittle due to a decrease in collagen fibre production, an increased risk of fractures and cartilage becomes thinner. Differences in changes can include the loss of calcium which begins at 55-60 for males but around 30 for females, females have a faster rate of cartilage thinning than males. Females have an increased risk of joint pain and osteoarthritis. Question 1.7 Complete the table below about the nervous system. a. Describe the overall function of the nervous system below. The nervous system controls the body, it’s responsibilities can include controlling, regulating and maintaining the communication between structures in the body. b. Subsystems of the Nervous System Describe the role of the two subsystems of the nervous system in controlling skeletal muscles. Subsystem Role in Controlling Skeletal Muscles Central Nervous System Responsible for storing and processing information from the senses of the body so that it can make the appropriate response. Peripheral Nervous System The PNS connects the CNS to the internal and external stimuli in the body so that it can respond to its surroundings and transmit information from the CNS to the rest of the body. c. Nerves and nerve impulses Describe how nerves and nerve impulses work in the human body. Nerves are pathways for signals that come from the rest of the body to the spinal cord + brain and vice versa. Nerve impulses are electrical signals that pass through neurons or nerve cells, the neurons in specific areas within the body sense a change they receive the information and send it to the brain or spinal cord to be processed. d. Variances between males and females Identify any variances that exist between male and female nervous systems and functions. Males and females brain region volumes can differ by around 1%, male brains are up to 11% larger. © 2023 Foundation Holdings Pty Ltd and its licensors Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Regulations 1969 | 6

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