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BIOS242 OL, Week 6
Name: Lab 6: Bacterial Cell Structures: An Introduction to the Bacterial Cell Virtual Simulation Lab
Learning Outcomes
Describe the general bacterial cell structure and function, including differentiating between the most common shapes of bacteria and cell arrangements.
Describe the general bacterial cytoplasmic content and compare it to eukaryotic cytoplasmic content.
Describe specific features of bacteria such as plasmids, flagella, or inclusion bodies and how they are necessary for bacteria to survive.
Introduction: Global warming is causing the ice to melt in Antarctica, leading to the discovery of
bacteria that have survived this extreme environment. In this simulation, you will learn about bacterial cell structures and how these are important for bacterial survival.
Identify Bacteria in a Sample from Antarctica
First you will collect a sample of melted ice from Antarctica that contains various bacteria. Your task is to investigate what is in the sample, and which bacterial cell structures are important for bacterial survival.
Study and Assemble Bacterial Cell Structures
In order to analyze your bacterial sample and to understand the bacterial cell’s internal and external structures, you will explore the motility features and shapes of bacteria in your sample.
You will also compare the outer and inner bacterial cell structures to that of the Eukaryotic cell and assemble the cytoplasmic content of the bacterial and the Eukaryotic cell.
Apply Your Knowledge
Finally, you will compare your bacterial cell structures to other bacteria and learn which cellular
structures are important for the bacteria to survive in extreme environments. Can you help the Arctic researchers decide which survival features they should study?
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BIOS242 OL, Week 6
Name: Purpose:
Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this simulation.
The purpose of the stimulation is for us to be able to describe general bacterial cell structures and their related function
. Compare bacterial organelles to those of eukaryotic cells. Describe cellular features unique to bacterial cells and relate them to cell survival.
Questions:
1.
Describe the differences between dark field and bright field microscope.
The bright-field microscope is more widely used than the dark field. In bright field mode, the regions with heavier atoms are darker. In dark field mode these regions are brighter.
2.
What are the major shapes of bacteria and their arrangements? The coccus appears spherical, bacillus is rod shaped and spiral are comma shaped.
3.
Define the functions of the cell wall and the cell membrane.
Prokaryotic has no nucleus while eukaryote has a nucleus. Prokaryotic has is unicellular while eukaryote is multicellular. Prokaryotic has ribosomes which are much smaller when compared to eukaryote. Prokaryotic cells do not consist of a Golgi apparatus, but eukaryotes do.
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm while transcription occurs in the cell wall of eukaryotes.
2
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Related Questions
Virtual Lab Activities
Activity 3a -Measuring diffusion
1. In this experiment, potassium permanganate diffuses through the agar from an area of
concentration to an area of
concentration.
2. Explain how the concentration gradient affects the diffusion rate in your experiment.
3. List three other factors (other than concentration gradient) that will affect diffusion rate.
1
2
3
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Bellwork 3/23
1. Which characteristic would communicate that the organism is a eukaryote? (12b.DOK 1)
a. The organism can convert solar energy into chemical energy
b. The organism has a structure for movement/mobility
c. The organism has membrane-bound organelles
d. The organism contains DNA
2 Which organism has the following characteristics: heterotrophic, eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, cell wall
made of chitin? (12b.DOK 1)
a.
Protist
b.
Plant
C.
archaebacteria
d.
Fungi
3. What is the basic structure of a virus? (12e.DOK 1)
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
A capsid surrounded by a protein coat
A head and tail fibers
a.
b.
С.
d.
A tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall
4.
What evidence would best support the argument that a virus is nonliving? (12e.DOK 1)
Its genetic material is not contained in a nucleus.
It lacks mitochondria for the production of energy.
It cannot reproduce without a host.
It does not have a cell wall to give it support and structure.
a.
b.
С.
d.
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Pls help ASAP
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Pls help ASAP
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Gen bio1
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I need the marked locations labled.
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Time Left:0:55:57
Abdulla Salem: Attempt 1
E) 20 kilocalories per gram of wax burned
Question 36 (2 points)
lons can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an
adjacent cell through
O A) gap junctions.
B) intermediate filaments.
C) plasmodesmata.
D) desmosomes.
E) tight junctions.
Question 37 (2 points)
A.
C.
В.
H.
H
H-C-N
H.
H-C-SH
H-C
H.
H.
H H
hp
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28
Correctly complete the following sentence
Signal Recognition Particles (SRP) enable ribosomes that are making proteins to dock with the endoplasmic
reticulum. A prokaryotic cell that doesn't make this SRP is likely to
Select one alternative:
be unable to produce proteins destined for the endomembrane system or secretion
be unable to secrete proteins
function as normal
start using ribosomes free in the cytosol to produce proteins destined for the endomembrane system.
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Lecture 6-Worksheet
Part 1: Below are TWO ER bound proteins. The green region is indicating the ER transfer signals.
1. Can you label the start and stop transfer signals based on the rules we just went over?
2. Draw and label these proteins.
(1)
(2)
N
N
ER lumen
Part 2: Sketch the orientation of this protein as it would appear in the transport vesicle and plasma
membrane.
membrane-enclosed
organelle
(e.g., ER or Golgi)
vesicle
plasma
membrane
1₂:0.
0-9
?
CYTOSOL
extracellular fluid
165
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Help please
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I need the cell structure labeled.
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Q5
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What is the answer?
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pls. answer correctly. thank you
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Course: SCI Biology
Unit: Unit 08: Cell Membrane
SCI Biology - Unit 08: Cell Mer
1) The process of moving a large substance into a cell by means of a vesicle.
OA.) Endocytosis
OB.) Exocytosis
Save
2) The process of moving a large substance out of a cell by means of a vesicle.
OA.) Exocytosis
R) Endorytosis
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ll Stay Home-Dhiraagu ? 13:05
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moodle.villacollege.edu.mv
3 of 3
SECTION - B
Task: 2
Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle
in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand
column. A cell part may be used more than once.
Structure / Function
Cell part
Stores material within the cell
The sites of protein synthesis
Transport materials within the cell
The region inside the cell except for the nucleus
Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic
reticulum
The membrane surrounding the cell
Composed of a phospholipids
Longer whip-like structures used for movements
Site where ribosomes are made.
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Question:-
Define the bacterial categories that each type of bacteria belongs to. You only have to name the categoriesNOT the actual species of bacteria Note: there will be more than one category . A bacterial species that grows best at 37 degrees Cand when a small amount of oxygen is present
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Questions
1. If the potato cells were hypotonic to the surrounding solution, the surrounding solution itself
would be what to the potato cells (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic)?
2. Were the potato cells submerged in water with no salt hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to the
surrounding environment?
3. Were the potato cells submerged in 5 g/100mL salt solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to
the surrounding environment?
4.
Look at your graph. At approximately what concentration of salt solution would the potato cells
have likely been isotonic with the surrounding solution? [Tip: Estimate approximately at what
concentration there would have been no change in the average length of potato strips.]
B. Turgor and Plasmolysis
You have observed that concentration differences between cells or between a cell and its environment
can affect the movement of water across cell membranes. This can be observed using changes in volume
or size as in the previous experiment or visually, looking…
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LAB EXERCISE 3A
A. Cell Membranes. In the square provided, draw a double layer of phospholipids with a large protein
embedded within it. Label the parts of this phospholipid bilayer that are partially charged (polar) and
uncharged (non-polar).
B. Anatomy of a Cell. Draw a "typical" cell in the space below (see lecture notes or the
labeled/unlabeled Images on Canvas). Sketch the following organelles within the cell and label them.
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Microvilli
Cilia
A region of exocytosis
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Need help
What so nuclei accomplished?
What do nuclei accomplished?
What is the cytoplasmic streaming and why it is useful?
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Help me with question 8
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Task: 1
Create a concept map outlining the difference between Unicellular and
Multicellular organisms.
Please include the key concepts:
1. The top should state "Organisms"
2. Branch off into Unicellular Organisms and Multicellular Organisms
3. Three different types of unicellular organisms and how they obtain and
digest their food.
4. Name 5 different types of cells that can be found in the human body (with
images and their function).
5. Name 3 different types of plant cells, and describe their key functions
(with images).
(https://youtu.be/9iqeAdJ01UQ-Students you can use this link for your reference)
Task: 2
Answer the following questions:
1. How do unicellular entities move?
2. How do unicellular organisms eat and reproduce?
3. State one similarity between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
4. What is an organelle?
5. What is cytoplasm?
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Activity 1 The Living Cell
1. Draw and label the parts of the
bacterial celI. What is a cellular
organelle? Give the chemical
composition and function(s) of each
organelle in the bacterial cell.
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Activity 13
Urine Culture Inoculating Urine with a calibrated loop
The number of microorganisms per milliliter recovered on urine culture can aid in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Plastic or wire inoculating loop available commercially, have been calibrated to deliver a known volume of liquid when handled correctly, thus enabling the microbiologist to estimate numbers of organism in the original specimen based on colony forming unit (CFU) of growth on cultures.
PROCEDURE: 1st day
1. Gently swirl the specimen bottle to mix the urine specimen.
2. Label all plated media with name of patients, clinical specimen used and date. Label at the bottom of plates and not on the cover.
3. Obtain a disposable calibrated loop.
4. Dip the loop straight into the urine specimen so that the loop part is completely covered. Withdraw straight out. See fig. 16-18
5. Inoculate blood agar plate (BAP) as shown in fig.16-19
6. Incubate at 35 – 37˚C for 18 – 24 hours.
7. Dispose…
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- Virtual Lab Activities Activity 3a -Measuring diffusion 1. In this experiment, potassium permanganate diffuses through the agar from an area of concentration to an area of concentration. 2. Explain how the concentration gradient affects the diffusion rate in your experiment. 3. List three other factors (other than concentration gradient) that will affect diffusion rate. 1 2 3arrow_forwardBellwork 3/23 1. Which characteristic would communicate that the organism is a eukaryote? (12b.DOK 1) a. The organism can convert solar energy into chemical energy b. The organism has a structure for movement/mobility c. The organism has membrane-bound organelles d. The organism contains DNA 2 Which organism has the following characteristics: heterotrophic, eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, cell wall made of chitin? (12b.DOK 1) a. Protist b. Plant C. archaebacteria d. Fungi 3. What is the basic structure of a virus? (12e.DOK 1) DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat A capsid surrounded by a protein coat A head and tail fibers a. b. С. d. A tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall 4. What evidence would best support the argument that a virus is nonliving? (12e.DOK 1) Its genetic material is not contained in a nucleus. It lacks mitochondria for the production of energy. It cannot reproduce without a host. It does not have a cell wall to give it support and structure. a. b. С. d.arrow_forwardPls help ASAParrow_forward
- =quires Respondus LockDown Browser Time Left:0:55:57 Abdulla Salem: Attempt 1 E) 20 kilocalories per gram of wax burned Question 36 (2 points) lons can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through O A) gap junctions. B) intermediate filaments. C) plasmodesmata. D) desmosomes. E) tight junctions. Question 37 (2 points) A. C. В. H. H H-C-N H. H-C-SH H-C H. H. H H hparrow_forward28 Correctly complete the following sentence Signal Recognition Particles (SRP) enable ribosomes that are making proteins to dock with the endoplasmic reticulum. A prokaryotic cell that doesn't make this SRP is likely to Select one alternative: be unable to produce proteins destined for the endomembrane system or secretion be unable to secrete proteins function as normal start using ribosomes free in the cytosol to produce proteins destined for the endomembrane system.arrow_forwardLecture 6-Worksheet Part 1: Below are TWO ER bound proteins. The green region is indicating the ER transfer signals. 1. Can you label the start and stop transfer signals based on the rules we just went over? 2. Draw and label these proteins. (1) (2) N N ER lumen Part 2: Sketch the orientation of this protein as it would appear in the transport vesicle and plasma membrane. membrane-enclosed organelle (e.g., ER or Golgi) vesicle plasma membrane 1₂:0. 0-9 ? CYTOSOL extracellular fluid 165arrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax